Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Depressants

A

Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Marijuana

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2
Q

Opioids

A

Narcotics
Abuse and psychological dependency
Promote relaxation and euphoria

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3
Q

Methadone

A

Used to treat opioid dependence
Goal is to reduce the patient’s dosage gradually so that eventually the patient can live permanently drug free
Relapse rates are often high, so the drug can be abused

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4
Q

Heroin

A

Causes a brief rush followed by a few hours of a relaxed, contented state
Large doses can stop respirations
Methadone used to treat dependence

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5
Q

Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Diuresis, miosis, convulsions, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, hypotension, constipation, sweating

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6
Q

Opioid Drug Withdrawal

A

Peak Period: 1-3 days
Duration: 5-7 days
Signs: drug seeking, diaphoresis, lacrimation, diarrhea, elevated blood pressure
Symptoms: desire for drug, muscle cramps, anxiety, nausea, vomiting, malaise

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7
Q

Opioid Drug Withdrawal Treatment

A

Block opioid receptors so that use of opioid drugs does not produce euphoria
Naltrexone, vivitrol, naloxone

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8
Q

Stimulants Adverse Effects

A

Restlessness, syncope, tremor, irritability, insomnia, euphoria, confusion, anxiety, headache, chilliness, cardiac dysrhythmias, circulatory collapse, cerebral hemorrhage

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9
Q

Stimulant Withdrawal

A

Peak Period: 1-3 days
Duration: 5-7 days
Signs: social withdrawal, psychomotor retardation, hypersomnia, hyperphagia
Symptoms: depression, suicidal thoughts, paranoid delusions
No specific pharmacologic treatments

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10
Q

Depressants Adverse Effects

A

Drowsiness, sedation, blurred vision, headaches, nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of coordination

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11
Q

Depressants Withdrawal

A

Peak Period: 2-4 days or 4-7 days
Duration: 4-7 days or 7-12 days
Signs: Increased psychomotor activity, agitation, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, delirium, convulsions, elevated BP and pulse rate
Symptoms: anxiety, depression, incoherent thoughts, euphoria, hostility
Treatment involves tapering of the drug over a course of 7-10 or 10-14 days
Most dangerous in terms of withdrawal

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12
Q

Alcohol (Ethanol)

A

Causes CNS depression by dissolving in lipid membranes in CNS
Respiratory stimulation or depression, vasodilation, increased sweating, diuretic effects

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13
Q

Effects of Chronic Alcohol Ingestion

A
Nutritional and vitamin B deficiencies (Wernicke's encephalopathy, Korsokoff's psychosis, polyneuritis, nicotinic acid deficiency encephalopathy)
Seizures
Hepatitis
Cardiomyopathy
FAS
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14
Q

Ethanol Withdrawal Signs and Symptoms

A

Elevated blood pressure, pulse rate, temperature
Insomnia
Tremors
Agitation

Classified as mild, moderate, and severe

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15
Q

Ethanol Withdrawal Treatment

A

Benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice

CHLORODIAZEPOXIDE (Korsokoff’s psychosis)

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16
Q

Treatment for Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram (Antabuse)
Tablet, taken orally
Causes patient to become extremely ill if they drink alcohol after taking the tablet

17
Q

Nicotine Effects

A

Releases epinephrine, which creates physiologic stress rather than relaxation
Tolerance develops
CNS and respiratory stimulation followed by CNS depression
Increased heart rate and BP
Increased bowel activity

18
Q

Nicotine Withdrawal

A

Manifested by cigarette craving (irritability, restlessness, decreased heart rate and BP)
Cardiac symptoms resolve in 3-4 weeks, but craving may last months or years

19
Q

Nicotine Withdrawal Treatment

A

Treatments provide nicotine without the carcinogens in tobacco
Nicotine transdermal system (patch), nicotine polacrilex (gum), inhalers, nasal spray