Anemia Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Factors Essential to Producing Healthy RBCs

A

Adequate amounts of iron, minute amounts of Vitamin B12 and folic acid, and essential amino acids and carbohydrates

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2
Q

Types of Anemia

A

Megaloblastic (insufficient folic acid or B12)

Iron Deficiency Anemia (most common)

Pernicious Anemia (gastric mucosa does not produce intrinsic factor to absorb B12)

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3
Q

Epoetin Alfa (Epogen)

A

Erythropoiesis stimulating agent

Biosynthetic form of natural hormone erythropoietin

Used for the treatment of anemia associated with end-stage renal disease, chemotherapy-induced anemia, and for anemia associated with zidovudine therapy

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4
Q

Adverse Effects of Erythropoietins

A

CNS: headache, fatigue, asthenia, dizziness, and seizure

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

CV: hypertension, edema, chest pain

DON’T WANT TO RAISE THE HEMOGLOBIN PAST 12

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5
Q

Persons At Risk for Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A

Menstruating women with heavier flow

Pregnant and nursing women

Rapidly growing adolescents, especially those without a nutritious diet

Persons with GI bleeding

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6
Q

Foods that Enhance Iron Absorption (Oral)

A

Orange juice, veal, fish, ascorbic acid

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7
Q

Foods that Impair Iron Absorption (Oral)

A

Eggs, corn, beans, cereal products containing phytates

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8
Q

Ferrous Sulfate (Feosol)

A

Oral iron preparation

Can stain teeth and cause dark stools

Used for treatment of iron deficiency anemias and may be used as adjunct therapy in patients receiving Epoetin Alfa

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9
Q

Contraindications for Iron Preparations

A

Allergy, hemochromatosis, hemolytic anemia, normal iron balance, peptic ulcer, colitis, regional enteritis

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10
Q

Adverse Effects of Iron

A

CONSTIPATION, BLACK TARRY STOOLS, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, painful injections

Parenteral iron preparations associated with severe anaphylactic reactions, local irritation, staining of tissues, and phlebitis

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11
Q

Folate Deficiencies

A

Caused by absorption problems in the small intestine, alcoholism

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12
Q

B12 Deficiencies

A

Caused by poor diet, increased demand, lack of intrinsic factor

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13
Q

Folic Acid Derivatives and Vitamin B12

A

Essential for cell growth and division for the production of a strong stroma in RBCs

B12 necessary for the maintenance of the myeline sheath in nerve tissues

FOLIC ACID SHOULD NOT BE USED UNTIL ACTUAL CAUSE OF ANEMIA IS DETERMINED

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14
Q

Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12)

A

Used to treat pernicious anemia and megaloblastic anemias

Administered orally or intranasally to treat VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY

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15
Q

Nursing Implications

A

KEEP AWAY FROM CHILDREN

Give test dose for IV route of iron

Patients should remain upright 15-30 min after oral iron doses

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