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Pharmacotherapeutics > Antineoplastic Drugs > Flashcards

Antineoplastic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment Modalities

A

Surgery: solid cancers (breast, lung, prostate, colon, rectum)

Radiation

Drug Therapy (treatment of choice for disseminated cancers such as leukemia, disseminated lymphomas, widespread metastases)

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2
Q

Tissue Growth and Chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapeutic drugs are more toxic to tissue with a high growth fraction such as bone marrow, skin, hair follicles, sperm, and GI tract

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3
Q

Dose-Limiting Adverse Effects

A

Patient reaches maximum tolerance dose

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4
Q

Nadir

A

Lowest WBC count after therapy

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5
Q

Antimetabolites

A

METHOTREXATE (MTX)

Folate Antagonist, deprives cell of folic acid

Used to treat solid tumors and some hematologic cancers

Also used to treat severe cases of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis

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6
Q

Adverse Effects of Antimetabolites

A

Hair loss, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, tumor lysis syndrome, palmar-plantar dysesthesia, mouth sores

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7
Q

Mitotic Inhibitors

A

VINCRISTINE

Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and some hematologic malignancies

Can injure peripheral nerves

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8
Q

Adverse Effects of Mitotic Inhibitors

A

Hair loss, nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, liver toxicity, kidney toxicity, lung toxicity, convulsions, extravasation

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9
Q

Alkylating Drugs

A

CISPLATIN (PLATINOL) AND CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE (CTOXAN)

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10
Q

Indications for Alkylating Drugs

A

Used in combination with other drugs to treat various types of cancer

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11
Q

Adverse Effects of Alkylating Drugs

A

Nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, alopecia, extravasation, nephrotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity

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12
Q

Cytotoxic Antibiotics

A

DOXORUBICIN (ADRIAMYCIN)

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13
Q

Indications for Cytotoxic Antibiotics

A

Used to treat a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies

AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma

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14
Q

Adverse Effects of Cytotoxic Antibiotics

A

ACUTE LEFT VENTRICULAR FAILURE

Bone marrow suppression, hair loss, nausea, vomiting

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15
Q

Miscellaneous Antineoplastics

A

BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN)

OCTREOTIDE (SANDOSTATIN)

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16
Q

Bevacizumab (Avastin)

A

Angiogenesis inhibitor, blocks blood supply to growing tumor

Many adverse effects, including nephrotoxicity

17
Q

Octreotide (Sandostatin)

A

Management of carcinoid crisis

Treatment of diarrhea caused by VIPomas

18
Q

Hormonal Drugs for Female-Specific Neoplasms

A

SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS (TAMOXIFEN)

PROGESTINS (MEGESTROL)

19
Q

Tamoxifen

A

Used for established breast cancer disease and for reducing occurrence in high-risk patients

Treatment of metastatic disease

Adverse effects include hot flashes, fluid retention, vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities, endometrial cancer, teratogenic

20
Q

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists

A

LEUPROLIDE

Suppresses production of androgens by testes

Cotreatment with an androgen receptor blocker

21
Q

Androgen Receptor Blockers

A

BICALUTAMIDE

Indicated for advanced androgen-sensitive prostate cancer with castration

22
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Immunosuppressants

Reduce cerebral edema, pain

Can improve appetite and promote weight gain

23
Q

Major Toxicities of Cancer Chemotherapy

A

INFECTION (LOSS OF NEUTROPHILS)

BLEEDING (LOSS OF PLATELETS)

ANEMIA (LOSS OF ERYTHROCYTES)

24
Q

Patient Care for Thrombocytopenia

A

USE CAUTION WHEN PERFORMING PROCEDURES THAT MIGHT PROMOTE BLEEDING (RECTAL SUPPOSITORIES, ENEMAS, VAGINAL SUPPOSITORIES)

SOFT BRISTLE TOOTHBRUSHES

AVOID IM INJECTIONS

25
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the oral mucosa, treated by mouthwash containing a topical anesthetic (lidocaine)

26
Q

Diarrhea

A

Treatment is Immodium

27
Q

Nausea and Vomiting

A

Treated with premedication with antiemetics and/or odansetron (Zofran)

28
Q

Nursing Implications

A

Never give chemotherapy in peripheral IV

Monitor for and prevent infection in patients with neutropenia or leukopenia

Implement measures to monitor for and prevent bleeding in patients with thrombocytopenia and anemia

Keep epinephrine, antihistamines, and antiinflammatory drugs on hand

29
Q

Extravasation

A

If suspected, stop infusion immediately but leave the IV catheter in place

Aspirate any residual drug and/or blood from catheter

Skin grafting or amputation may be necessary due to permanent damage to nerves, tendons, and/or muscles

Pharmacotherapeutics (37 decks)

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