Substance Abuse Flashcards
substance abuse
habitual use outside medical necessity
purpose to alter mood, emotion, LOC
results in adverse effects
tolerance
when person has to take more of the drug to “stay normal” and prevent withdrawal
addiction
tolerance
control over substance lost
can lead to OD and be fatal
4 Cs of addiction
Craving
Continued use
Control is lost
Cognitive Impairment
examples of CNS stimulants
Crack Cocaine Meth Caffeine Nicotine
common signs of CNS stimulant abuse
dilated pupils
dry oronasal cavity
excessive motor activity
withdrawal sx of CNS stimulants
depression paranoia anger lethargy anxiety insomnia N/V sweating chills
examples of opiates
Morphine Heroin Codeine Fentanyl Methadone Meperidine
triad of sx for opioid toxicity
pinpoint pupils
depressed respirations
coma
opiate intoxication
constricted pupils decreased RR, BP slurred speech drowsiness psychomotor retardation impaired concentration, judgment, memory
withdrawal effects from opiates
yawning insomnia irritability rhinorrhea panic diaphoresis cramps N/V muscle aches chills and fever lacrimation diarrhea
opiate overdose
anoxia pupil dilation respiratory arrest cardiac arrest coma shock convulsions death
Meds for opioid addiction
methadone (Dolophine) l-a-acetylmethadol (LAAM) naltrexone (ReVia) clonidine (Catapres) buprenorphine (Subutex/ Subaxone) combined with naltrexone
methadone (Dolophine)
used for opioid addiction
blocks craving for and effects of heroin
naltrexone (ReVia)
used for opioid addiction
blocks euphoric effects of opioids
clonidine (Catapres)
used for opioid addiction
somatic treatment if combined with naltrexone
buprenorphine (Subutex/Subaxone)
blocks s/sx of opioid withdrawal
Alcohol/CNS depressants
ETOH
Barbiturates
Benzos
ETOH and CNS depressant intoxication
slurred speech ataxia drowsiness decreased BP sexual or aggressive behavior impaired judgment, cognition irritability
ETOH withdrawal
early signs in a few hours
peaks at 24-48 hrs
rapidly and dramatically disappears unless it progresses to delirium
irriability and “shaking inside”
grand mal seizures possible 7-49 hrs after cessation
illusions
ETOH delirium
medical emergency possible death peaks 2-3 days after cessation/reduction autonomic hyperactivity sensorial/perceptual disturbances fluctuating loss of consciousness paranoid delusions agitated temp 100F and higher
early ETOH withdrawal s/sx, onset, duration
tremors, anxiety, palpitations, nausea, anorexia
onset: 6-8 hrs
duration: 1-2 days
ETOH withdrawal seizures onset, duration
onset: 6-48 hrs
duration: 2-3 days
ETOH hallucinations: types, onset, duration
visual, tactile, auditory
onset: 12-48hrs
duration: 1-2 days
