Substance Abuse

Question 1

The highest age group for use of almost all substances is

Answer 1

18-24

Question 2

Name some risk factors for drug use

Answer 2

Low SES
Rural - more common for alcohol
Urban - higher proportion of non-alcohol

Question 3

Substance use refers to…

Answer 3

low to moderate levels of use that does not produce problems with social, educational of occupational functioning

Question 4

Substance intoxication is…

Answer 4

a reversible substance specific state that results in maladaptive or psychological changes associated with CNS

Question 5

Substance Use Disorder requires ___ or more symptoms to be classified with mild, moderate and severe requiring how many symptoms?

Answer 5

2 or more, 2-3, 4-5, 6+

Question 6

Tolerance =

Answer 6

Increased amount of substance required to have same effect, or lessened effect when consuming same amount

Question 7

withdrawal

Answer 7

A syndrome that occurs when concentrations of a substance are lessened in a person who has had a elongated exposure to regular consumption

Question 8

Name the 2 classes of Substance related disorders and explain them

Answer 8

1. Substance induced disorders - define the specific symptoms patterns that result from acute and chronic effects of substances on the CNS
2. Substance Use Disorders - define the specific patterns of maladaptive behaviour, cognitions and physiological symptoms related to regular drug abuse

Question 9

Describe some characteristics of substance induced disorders

Answer 9

• represents clinically significant symptomatic presentation of a relevant mental disorder
• evidence from history, physical exams, or lab findings or 2 further symptoms
• disorder not better explained…
• does not occur during delirium
• clinically significant impairment

Question 10

Describe some characteristics of substance use disorders

Answer 10

cluster of cog, behav, and physiological symptoms that indicate person has impaired control of substance use and continues despite adverse consequences

Question 11

Name DSM crit for Substance Use:

Answer 11

2 or more in 12 months:

• unintentional overdose
• persistant desire to control drug use
• great deal of time spent in activities necessary to obtain drugs
• craving, or strong desire to use drug
• leads to failure to fulfil major role obligations
• continued substance use despite persistent social/interpersonal problems
• important social/interpersonal/professional problems are given up or reduced
• recurrent use in hazardous situations
• recurrent use despite knowledge of physical or psychological problems
• tolerance
• withdrawal

Question 12

Name 3 depressants and describe CNS effects

Answer 12

• alcohol
• sedatives
• opiates
  reduction in CNS activities and tensions, inhibition, judgment, motor activity and concentration

Question 13

Name 4 Hallucinogens and describe CNS effects

Answer 13

• marjiunia
• hallucinogens
• inhalants
• PCP
  Cause change primarily to sensory perception

Question 14

Name 3 stimulants and describe CNS effects

Answer 14

• caffeine
• amphetamines
• nicotine
  Act to increase CNS activity

Question 15

Discuss how abused substances affect the natural reward systems of the brain

Answer 15

Involves dopamingenic system, and opioid relieving neurones.

Question 16

Name some biological treatments of substance use

Answer 16

• detox
• agonist drugs (causes neg reaction when alcohol taken
• drug maintenance therapy (methadone)

Question 17

Name some psychological treatments of substance use

Answer 17

• psychoeducation
• motivational interviewing
• diversion therapy
• aversion therapy
• contingency management (rewarding goals)
• community reinforcement