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Bsc Psychology Year 1 PY1506 > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

What is the historical context of psychoactive substance use?

A

Psychoactive substances have been taken for centuries, but misuse has become a significant societal problem.

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2
Q

What percentage of disability adjusted life years is attributed to illicit drug use disorder and alcohol use disorder according to Whiteford et al?

A

Illicit drug use disorder accounts for 10% and alcohol use disorder for 9.6%.

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3
Q

How many drug misuse deaths involving illegal drugs were reported in England and Wales in 2016?

A

There were 2,593 drug misuse deaths involving illegal drugs in England and Wales in 2016.

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4
Q

What is the estimated annual cost of substance use disorders (SUDs) to the UK economy?

A

The estimated annual cost of SUDs to the UK economy is £15.4 billion.

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5
Q

What percentage of UK adults have taken drugs in the last year?

A

8.4% of UK adults have taken drugs in the last year.

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6
Q

What percentage of UK adults consume alcohol?

A

60% of adults in the UK drank alcohol.

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7
Q

What are the methods of administering psychoactive substances?

A

Psychoactive substances can be administered orally, smoked, inhaled, snorted, or injected.

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8
Q

What must psychoactive substances do to exert an effect?

A

They must reach the brain, which involves crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

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9
Q

How do lipid-soluble chemicals affect the blood-brain barrier?

A

Lipid-soluble chemicals cross the blood-brain barrier more quickly.

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10
Q

What are the effects of drugs on the nervous system?

A

Drugs can affect neural membranes throughout the CNS or influence specific types of neurons.

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11
Q

What is the role of enzymes in drug metabolism?

A

Enzymes made by the liver terminate drug action by converting drugs into forms that can’t cross the BBB.

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12
Q

What are synthetic cannabinoids (SC)?

A

SC are cannabinoid receptor agonists sold as legal highs, more potent than THC and less predictable.

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13
Q

What are the reported hazards of synthetic cannabinoids?

A

Hazards include arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac arrest, and psychosis.

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14
Q

What is addiction?

A

Addiction is when drug use reaches a point where the drugged state is considered normal.

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15
Q

What is physical dependence?

A

Physical dependence is the presence of a drug needed to function normally, with withdrawal symptoms when use ceases.

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16
Q

What is psychological dependence?

A

Psychological dependence occurs when life revolves around taking and obtaining drugs.

17
Q

What is craving in the context of substance use?

A

Craving is a strong drive to use a substance.

18
Q

What is tolerance?

A

Tolerance is the need for more of a drug to achieve the same effect.

19
Q

What is withdrawal?

A

Withdrawal is the appearance of symptoms opposite to the drug’s effects when it is no longer taken.

20
Q

What is homeostasis in relation to substance use?

A

Homeostasis refers to the body’s system being set to an optimum level, with disruptions leading to compensatory actions.

21
Q

What is the global prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) among the population aged 15-64?

A

The global prevalence of SUD is 0.7%.

22
Q

What is the prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the UK?

A

The prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the UK is 5.9%.

23
Q

What factors influence why people take drugs?

A

Factors include pleasure, genetic predisposition, social influences, personality factors, dependence, avoidance of feelings, and maladaptive thoughts.

24
Q

What role does media play in substance use?

A

Exposure to advertisements and images in media significantly influences the initiation of smoking, drinking, and drug use.

25
Q

What is the mesocorticolimbic dopamine pathway?

A

It is the brain region responsible for the experience of pleasure.

26
Q

What did Volkow’s PET scanning study reveal about dopamine (DA)?

A

The intensity of the high induced by stimulants correlated with the level of released DA.

27
Q

What is the role of craving in substance abuse?

A

Individuals who experience craving tend to use the substance more than those who do not.

28
Q

What is the purpose of contingency management therapy?

A

It teaches clients to restructure and control their behavior to prevent substance use.

29
Q

What is the effectiveness of family therapy in treating substance use disorders?

A

Family therapy is effective in treating SUD in adolescents by engaging family members in the treatment process.

30
Q

What are some bio treatments for managing withdrawal symptoms?

A

Clonidine, buprenorphine, and anxiolytics are used to manage withdrawal symptoms.

31
Q

What is the purpose of Antabuse in treating alcohol use disorder?

A

Antabuse causes violent vomiting when alcohol is ingested, reducing alcohol intake.

32
Q

What is the role of methadone in substance use treatment?

A

Methadone is used as a long-acting opioid agonist to stabilize individuals recovering from opioid use disorder.

33
Q

What is the primary goal of residential rehabilitation centers?

A

They allow individuals to detox and socialize in a supportive environment.

34
Q

What is the aim of self-help groups in substance use recovery?

A

Self-help groups aim to replace networks of drinking/drug-taking friends with abstaining friends.

35
Q

What is the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for substance use disorder?

A

CBT is effective for correcting dysfunctional thoughts about relapse and treating comorbid mental health conditions.

36
Q

What is the purpose of motivational-enhancement intervention?

A

It aids clients in dealing with negative effects and stress, effectively reducing substance use.

37
Q

What is the significance of chronic life stress in substance use disorders?

A

Chronic life stress, such as social and material deprivation, is a risk factor for developing SUD.

Bsc Psychology Year 1 PY1506 (8 decks)

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