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Pharm💀 > Substance Abuse > Flashcards

Substance Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

Substance abuse Facts

A

Almost all abused drugs affect CNS

  • altered mental state
  • euphoria

Substance abuse is not inherently addiction

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2
Q

Addiction occurs in a minority of drug users T/F

A

True

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3
Q

Risk factors for drug abuse

A 
Genetics
Risk takers
Societal norms/ peer influences
Cost and availability 
Mode of admin.
onset of action
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4
Q

Reinforcing Drug

A

Greater likelihood of abuse

Induce neuronal activity in reward areas of the brain (inc dopamine)

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5
Q

Physical Dependance

A

Adaption of the cells of the body to repetive drug use

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6
Q

Psychological Dependance

A

No obvious discomfort occurs after discontinued use of drug but have continued desire to take the drug

Usually occurs after prolonged use and can last for years

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7
Q

Withdrawal Syndrome

A

Go cold turkey and symptoms are opposite of drugs effect

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8
Q

Tolerance types

A

Pharmacodynamic- system desensitization

Pharmacokinetic- inc/dec metabolism

Cross tolerance- extend to related drugs

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9
Q

Tolerance Facts

A

Need higher and higher dose

Tolerance can develop for side effects and at different rates for different drugs

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10
Q

CNS Depressant addiction mechanism

A

Inc dopamine in reward pathway-euphoria

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11
Q

CNS depressant-sedative-hypnotic drugs

A

Zolpidem(ambien)
Zaleplon(Sonata)

Gaba system agonism and suppress respiratory centers in brain stem

Withdrawal can be life threatening (like EtOH)

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12
Q

CNS depressant-Barbs drugs

A

Pentobarbital (nembutal)
Phenobarbital (luminal)

Gaba system agonism and suppress respiratory centers in brain stem

Withdrawal can be life threatening (like EtOH)

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13
Q

CNS depressants- Benzos drugs

A

Diazepam(valium)
Lorazepam (atvian)
Alprazolam(Xanax)

Gaba system agonism

When combined with EtOH heroin OD can be lethal

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14
Q

CNS Depressants- opioids drugs

A 
Codeine
Fentanyl(duragesic)
Methadone(dolophine)
Morphine
Hydromorphone(dilaudid)
Oxycodone(oxycontin)
Vixodin, Percocet
Heroin

Opioid receptor agonism

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15
Q

Opioid Withdrawal

A

Intense, not life threatening

Methadone,suboxone given orally which dec IV related risks (hepatitis, HIV)

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16
Q

CNS Depressant-Alcohol

A

Ethyl alcohol, ethanol, alcohol

Gaba agonism and glutamate antagonism

17
Q

Alcohol Withdrawal Tx

A

Cold turkey alcohol withdrawal can be fatal- hyperexcitability

Tx: benzodiazepine step down therapy allows receptors to return to normal

18
Q

Alcohol Addiction TX

A

Disulfiram(antabuse)

Inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
Patient becomes ill if use alcohol at same time

19
Q

Cannabinoids Drug/MoA

A

Marijuana- agonize cannabinoid receptors all over body

THC is major psychoactive component

Endogenous cannabinoid- anandamide, 2-AG

20
Q

THC isolate drugs

A

Dronabinol(marinol)
Nabilone (cesamet)

CB receptor (+) schedule 3

21
Q

Other Cannabinoid

A

Rimonabant

CB1 (-) pulled from market

22
Q

Hallucinogens moa

A

Strong 5HT2a receptor (+)

Can be used in guided trip therapy

23
Q

Hallucinogens: indoleamines

A

LSD, DMT, Psilocybe mushrooms

5HT2a (+)

24
Q

LSD dependence

A

Dependence is extremely unlikely/ has altered consciousness not so much euphoria

25
Q

DMT drug

A

Ayahuasca

Usually both MAOI and DMT are drugs ingested as MAOI prevents DMT breakdown

26
Q

Hallucinogens:Phenethylamines

A

MDMA-aka molly and ecstasy

(+) 5HT, DA, NE release

Withdrawal: serotonin depletion causing depressive symptoms

Not really addictive (more 5HT not DA)

27
Q

Stimulants:Nicotine

A

Most often through smoking tobacco

Tx: varenicline (chantix)
Nicotinic Ach receptor partial agonist causing no reward to smoking

28
Q

Stimulants cociane moa

A 
Mainly DAT (-)
(-) SERT amd NET to lesser extent
29
Q

Stimulants:Amphetamines moa

Highly addictive

A

Methamphetamine, crystal meth, crank, glass

Reversal of DAT- nonexocytotic release of DA

Also blocks NET and SERT
(-) MAO
(+) snthesis of DA

30
Q

Cocaine and Meth Tx drug

A 
Modafinil (provigil)
Mild DAT (-)
31
Q

Stimulants:Caffeine moa

A

Adenosine receptor (-)

Adenosine promotes sleep and builds up throughout day to make us sleepy

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