Subspecialty Review

Question 1

How do you treat TURP syndrome?

Answer 1

• hypertonic saline

- less common nowadays because sorbitol is used less frequently

Question 2

What nerve roots innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 2

C3, C4, C5

Question 3

patient had spinal anesthesia and is now complaining of refractory severe headaches associated with standing…what is going on?

Answer 3

post-dural puncture headache, he has a CSF leak

Question 4

how do you treat post-dural puncture headache?

Answer 4

if failed conservative measures then place a blood patch

Question 5

what is an upper ureteral injury

Answer 5

injury to the ureter from the ureteropelvic junction to the superior border of the sacroiliac joint

Question 6

how do you repair an upper ureteral injury

Answer 6

ureteroureterostomy

Question 7

last resort for a ureteral injury

Answer 7

• autotransplantation

- move kidney and remaining ureter to iliac fossa and attach to the bladder

Question 8

How long should you wait before doing elective non-cardiac surgery on a patient with a DES

Answer 8

6 months, as long as the risk of waiting is not greater than the risk of thrombosis of the stent