Antibiotic treatment review Flashcards
Mechanism of action of Bactrim (Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole)
- competitively inhibits dihydroteroate synthetase, which reduces dihydrofrolic acid thereby reducing nucleic acid synthesis
- e.g. stops DNA synthesis
Which drug works by inhibiting dihydroperoate sythetase?
- Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin
- inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase
which drug works by inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase
- Ciprofloxacin
Mechanism of action of Vancomycin
- inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides
- protein synthesis inhibition by inactivation of 30s ribosomal subunit
Which drug class works by protein synthesis inhibition in the form of inactivation of 30s ribosomal subunit
- Aminoglycosides
Mechanism of action of Macrolides
- protein synthesis inhibition by inactivation of 50s ribosomal subunit
Which drug class works by protein synthesis inhibition in the form of inactivation of 50s ribosomal subunit
- Macrolides
Give examples of Aminoglycosides
- Gentamicin
- Amikacin
- Tobramycin
- Streptomycin
Give examples of Macrolides
- Azithromycin
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
what part of Klebsiella and E. Coli organism is responsible for the septic response?
- lipopolysaccharide complex, specifically lipid A within the LPS
Treatment for Cytomegalovirus infection
- ganciclovir
- Foscarnet
- Cidofovir
Give examples of aminoglycosides
- gentamicin
- tobramycin
- Amikacin
- Streptomycin
side effect of Mafenide acetate
Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
side effect of Bacitracin
nephrotoxic
side effect of silver nitrate
hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
methemoglobinemia
side effect of silver sulfadiazine
neutropenia
thrombocytopenia
give examples of encapsulated organisms
Streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza
neisseria meningiditis
most common encapsulated organism to cause infection after splenectomy
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Treatment for neutropenic colitis?
bowel rest
hydration
broad spectrum antibiotics
treatment for CMV colitis
ganciclovir or valganciclovir
Oral Ciprofloxacin is partially inactivated by this oral agent?
- if you give it with calcium you chelate the antibiotic by 60-75%
- this is for all fluoroquinolones
Antibiotic alternative for penicillin allergy in colorectal surgery
Clindamycin + Levofloxacin
most common organism implicated in SBP?
- E. Coli
what organism(s) is implicated in hydatid disease?
Echinococcous Granulosa/multilocularis/vogeli
what causes the symptoms of a C Diff infection?
Toxin A > Toxin B
Gram postive Aerobic cocci, coagulase negative?
Enterococcus
Streptococcus
Gram positive cocci, aerobic, coagulase +
Staphylococcus
Gram positive bacilli, anaerobic
Clostridium
Gram positive branching filaments, anaerobic
Actinomyces
Gram negative diplococci, aerobic
Escherichia
Gram-negative cocco-bacili, aerobic
Hemophilus
Gram-negative bacili, aerobic
Pseudomonas
Klebsiella
Gram-negative bacili, anaerobic
Bacteriodes
what are the anti-microbial properties of silver
- ribosomal toxicity
- intercalates DNA
- denaturation of proteins
- disruption of bacterial cell membrane
Another name for silver sufladiazine
Silvadene
What do you use to treat candida infection in a burn?
Silver Sulfadiazine
patient with history of kidney transplant has diagnostic colonoscopy showing punch out ulcers, biopsy shows Cowdry bodies with eosinophilia…what do they have?
CMV/Herpes Colitis
treatment for mucopurulent cervicitis?
Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline
treatment for bacterial vaginosis
Metronidazole
Treatment for Trichomonas
Metronidazole
antibiotic regimen for human bite?
amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)
Risk factors for invasive fungal infections
broad spectrum antibiotics Hemodialysis solid-organ transplantation TPN gastric perforation
mechanism behind a vancomycin infusion reaction
vancomycin causes degranulation of basophils and mast cells -> increased histamine release
which narcotics are associated with the smallest release of histamine?
- fentanyl
- tramadol
how do bacteria gain resistance to ahminoglycosides?
- increased active transport out of cell
side effect of aminoglycosides?
- ototoxicity
After a Hep C exposure when should someone be tested?
- baseline anti-HCV first
- if negative repeat anti-HCV in 4-6 months
mechanism of action for clindamycin
inhibits 50s subunit of ribosomes in bacteria, but it is NOT a macrolid
patient with HIV needs emergency surgery is on HARRT but has a detectably viral load, what can you give to help the situation
IV injection of albuvirtide to lower detectable viral load prior to surgery
