Antibiotic treatment review

Question 1

Mechanism of action of Bactrim (Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole)

Answer 1

• competitively inhibits dihydroteroate synthetase, which reduces dihydrofrolic acid thereby reducing nucleic acid synthesis
• e.g. stops DNA synthesis

Question 2

Which drug works by inhibiting dihydroperoate sythetase?

Answer 2

• Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Question 3

Mechanism of action of Ciprofloxacin

Answer 3

• inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase

Question 4

which drug works by inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase

Answer 4

• Ciprofloxacin

Question 5

Mechanism of action of Vancomycin

Answer 5

• inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Question 6

Mechanism of action of Aminoglycosides

Answer 6

• protein synthesis inhibition by inactivation of 30s ribosomal subunit

Question 7

Which drug class works by protein synthesis inhibition in the form of inactivation of 30s ribosomal subunit

Answer 7

• Aminoglycosides

Question 8

Mechanism of action of Macrolides

Answer 8

• protein synthesis inhibition by inactivation of 50s ribosomal subunit

Question 9

Which drug class works by protein synthesis inhibition in the form of inactivation of 50s ribosomal subunit

Answer 9

• Macrolides

Question 10

Give examples of Aminoglycosides

Answer 10

• Gentamicin
• Amikacin
• Tobramycin
• Streptomycin

Question 11

Give examples of Macrolides

Answer 11

• Azithromycin
• Erythromycin
• Clarithromycin

Question 12

what part of Klebsiella and E. Coli organism is responsible for the septic response?

Answer 12

• lipopolysaccharide complex, specifically lipid A within the LPS

Question 13

Treatment for Cytomegalovirus infection

Answer 13

• ganciclovir
• Foscarnet
• Cidofovir

Question 14

Give examples of aminoglycosides

Answer 14

• gentamicin
• tobramycin
• Amikacin
• Streptomycin

Question 15

side effect of Mafenide acetate

Answer 15

Non-anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 16

side effect of Bacitracin

Answer 16

nephrotoxic

Question 17

side effect of silver nitrate

Answer 17

hypocalcemia
hypokalemia
methemoglobinemia

Question 18

side effect of silver sulfadiazine

Answer 18

neutropenia

thrombocytopenia

Question 19

give examples of encapsulated organisms

Answer 19

Streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza
neisseria meningiditis

Question 20

most common encapsulated organism to cause infection after splenectomy

Answer 20

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 21

Treatment for neutropenic colitis?

Answer 21

bowel rest
hydration
broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 22

treatment for CMV colitis

Answer 22

ganciclovir or valganciclovir

Question 23

Oral Ciprofloxacin is partially inactivated by this oral agent?

Answer 23

• if you give it with calcium you chelate the antibiotic by 60-75%
• this is for all fluoroquinolones

Question 24

Antibiotic alternative for penicillin allergy in colorectal surgery

Answer 24

Clindamycin + Levofloxacin

Question 25

most common organism implicated in SBP?

Answer 25

- E. Coli

Question 26

what organism(s) is implicated in hydatid disease?

Answer 26

Echinococcous Granulosa/multilocularis/vogeli

Question 27

what causes the symptoms of a C Diff infection?

Answer 27

Toxin A > Toxin B

Question 28

Gram postive Aerobic cocci, coagulase negative?

Answer 28

Enterococcus | Streptococcus

Question 29

Gram positive cocci, aerobic, coagulase +

Answer 29

Staphylococcus

Question 30

Gram positive bacilli, anaerobic

Answer 30

Clostridium

Question 31

Gram positive branching filaments, anaerobic

Answer 31

Actinomyces

Question 32

Gram negative diplococci, aerobic

Answer 32

Escherichia

Question 33

Gram-negative cocco-bacili, aerobic

Answer 33

Hemophilus

Question 34

Gram-negative bacili, aerobic

Answer 34

Pseudomonas | Klebsiella

Question 35

Gram-negative bacili, anaerobic

Answer 35

Bacteriodes

Question 36

what are the anti-microbial properties of silver

Answer 36

- ribosomal toxicity - intercalates DNA - denaturation of proteins - disruption of bacterial cell membrane

Question 37

Another name for silver sufladiazine

Answer 37

Silvadene

Question 38

What do you use to treat candida infection in a burn?

Answer 38

Silver Sulfadiazine

Question 39

patient with history of kidney transplant has diagnostic colonoscopy showing punch out ulcers, biopsy shows Cowdry bodies with eosinophilia...what do they have?

Answer 39

CMV/Herpes Colitis

Question 40

treatment for mucopurulent cervicitis?

Answer 40

Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline

Question 41

treatment for bacterial vaginosis

Answer 41

Metronidazole

Question 42

Treatment for Trichomonas

Answer 42

Metronidazole

Question 43

antibiotic regimen for human bite?

Answer 43

amoxicillin/clavulanate (Augmentin)

Question 44

Risk factors for invasive fungal infections

Answer 44

``` broad spectrum antibiotics Hemodialysis solid-organ transplantation TPN gastric perforation ```

Question 45

mechanism behind a vancomycin infusion reaction

Answer 45

vancomycin causes degranulation of basophils and mast cells -> increased histamine release

Question 46

which narcotics are associated with the smallest release of histamine?

Answer 46

- fentanyl | - tramadol

Question 47

how do bacteria gain resistance to ahminoglycosides?

Answer 47

- increased active transport out of cell

Question 48

side effect of aminoglycosides?

Answer 48

- ototoxicity

Question 49

After a Hep C exposure when should someone be tested?

Answer 49

- baseline anti-HCV first | - if negative repeat anti-HCV in 4-6 months

Question 50

mechanism of action for clindamycin

Answer 50

inhibits 50s subunit of ribosomes in bacteria, but it is NOT a macrolid

Question 51

patient with HIV needs emergency surgery is on HARRT but has a detectably viral load, what can you give to help the situation

Answer 51

IV injection of albuvirtide to lower detectable viral load prior to surgery