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Anatomy Week 15 > Submandibular ∆ > Flashcards

Submandibular ∆ Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the size and orientation of the superficial and deep parts of the hook shaped Submandibular gland.

  • Lateral
  • Cranial
  • Caudal
A

Superficial part (not in oral cav.):

  • Lateral = Mandible
  • Cranial = Mylohyoid m. and Line of mandible
  • Caudal = fascia

Deep part (in oral cav.):

  • Lateral = Mandible
  • Caudal = Myloihyoid m. and Line of mandible
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2
Q

Course of the Submental Vessels (=> facial a.) and mylohyoid n.

A

They travel together on the lateral surface of the mylohyoid medial to the mandible

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3
Q

Borders of the Submandibular ∆

A

Base:
Inferior Border of the Mandible

Sides:
Anterior and Posterior Digastric

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4
Q

What muscles divides into to 2 slips to insert on the hyoid?
- why?

A
  • Stylohyoid

- Divides into 2 slips to straddle the Digastric Tendon

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5
Q

What gland extends around the posterior surface of mylohyoid?

A

Submandibular

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6
Q

What part of the submandibular gland can be seen through the submandibular ∆ and what muscles is it lying on?

A
  • Superficial Part = Visible part

- Sits on mylohyoid and hyloglossus

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7
Q

What muscles make up the main mass of the tongue?

  • orientation
  • bony attachment
A
  • Intrinsic Muscles

Orientation:

  • Longitudinal
  • Verticle
  • Transverse
  • NO BONY ATTACHMENTS
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8
Q

What nerve innervates all of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- exception?

A
  • CN XII

- Exception = Palatoglossus

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9
Q

What actions are performed by the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

They can flatten, and round up the tongue

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10
Q

T or F: the extrinsic muscles of the tongue lack bony attachments

A

FALSE

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11
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A
  • move the mass of intrinsic muscles
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12
Q

What do the majority of mylohyoid fibers insert into?

- which fibers don’t?

A
  • Most fibers insert into the mylohyoid rahpe

- MOST POSTERIOR fibers insert into the hyoid bone

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13
Q

What muscles lie on either side of the mylohyoid raphe?

A

Anterior Bellies of the R and L digastrics

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14
Q

What are 2 important functions of the mylohyoid muscles?

A
  1. Support of the Floor of the mouth

2. Swallowing reflex

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the mylohyoid mm.?

- NERVE ORIGIN

A
  • N. to mylohyoid => Inferior avleoloar n. => CN V3
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16
Q

What is the path of the mylohyoid n. starting with the origin?

A
  1. V3 - through foramen ovale
  2. N. to Mylohyoid branches from Inferior Alveolar n. (IAN) as IAN enters the mandibular foramen
  3. N. to Mylohyoid runs in the Mylohyoid groove
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17
Q

What runs in the mylohyoid groove?

A

Mylohyoid N.

Mylohyoid Branch of Alveolar a.

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18
Q

T or F: a branch of the mylohyoid n. (V3) also innervates the posterior digastric

A

FALSE, it innervates the ANTERIOR digastric

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19
Q

What muscles attach to the superior and inferior mental spines?

A

Superior Mental Spines:
Genioglossus

Inferior Mental Spines:
Geniohyoid

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20
Q

T or F: the digastric fossa is superior to the mental spines

A

FALSE, it is below both sets

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21
Q

What muscle separates the anterior digastrics from the geniohyoid muscles?

A

Mylohyoid muscle

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22
Q

What muscle has fibers that blend with the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and lies just under them?

A

Genioglossus

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23
Q

What is the action of the geniohyoid when infrahyoid muscles are relaxed?

  • Flexed?
  • Other functions
A

Infrahyoid Relaxed:
- Hyoid is mobile and is pulled ANTERIORLY and SUPERIORLY

Infrahyoid Flexed:
- Hyoid is Fixed and mandible is depressed

**Supports the floor of the mouth and is important in swallowing

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24
Q

What innervates geniohyoid and what does it course with?

A
  • C1 from cervical Plexus
  • Travels with hypoglossal n. (XII)

**Recall superior root of Ansa Cervicalis and n. to thyrohyoid also travel with this

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25
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
  • Palatoglossus
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26
Q

Where do most of the fibers of the genioglossus insert?

- Few lower fibers?

A
  • Intrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

- Lower fibers =Hyoid Bone

27
Q

Flexing what fibers of what extrinsic tongue muscle allow you to stick your tongue out (protraction)?

A
  • Inferior Fibers of Genioglossus
28
Q

What does flexing the superior fibers of genioglossus do?

A

REtraction of tongue

**Tip of Tongue curls back toward inside of mouth

29
Q

What happens when all fibers or genioglossus, intrinsic muscles, and mylohyoid are all contracted simultaneously?
- importance of this action

A
  • Pushes the tongue against the palate

***Important for propelling food posteriorly to the pharynx

30
Q

What extrinsic muscle draws down on the side of the tongue and tends to flatten it?

A
  • Hyoglossus

**Is also a retractor of the tongue

31
Q

What muscles blend into the side of the tongue with hyoglossus?

A
  • Styloglossus

- Palatoglossus

32
Q

What EXTRINSIC muscle of the tongue forms the ANTERIOR Tonsilar Pillar and what is its innervation?

A
  • Palatoglossus = Anterior Tonsilar Pillar
  • CN X

**Note: all other are innervated by CN XII

33
Q

If you had a lesion in your right hypoglossal n., what would happen when you stuck your tongue out?

A
  • It would deviate to the side of the lesion
34
Q

T or F: the submandibular duct originates from the superficial part of the gland

A

False, it originates from the DEEP portion

35
Q

What is the course of the submandibular ducts and where do they empty saliva?

A
  • Anteriorly and Medially and end in the Sublingual Caruncle
  • These lie on either side of the Frenulum
36
Q

Where does the lingual n. originate?

A
  • Infratemporal Fossa

- Branch of CN V3

37
Q

Describe the path of the lingual n. as it courses in the oral cavity.

A
  • Loops around the LATERAL side of the Submandibular Duct and passes inferiorly
  • Lingual Nerve then courses medially to the submandibular duct to innervate the tongue
38
Q

What is the frenulum?

A

Fold of mucosa under the anterior aspect of the tongue

39
Q

In which salivary gland are stones most common?

- What outlet would this stone need to pass through?

A
  • Submandibular

- Sublingual Caruncle

40
Q

What gland lies anteriorly in the oral cavity proper, just beneath the mucosa?

A
  • Sublingual Gland

**Note since this gland is mostly mucous, its secretions are very viscous

41
Q

T or F: the sublingual gland empties into a single duct just anterior the the sublingual Caruncle.

A

False, 10-12 duct empty POSTERORLY to the Sublingual Caruncle

42
Q

Where is the submandibular ganglion located?

- ganglion type

A
  • Between the Lingual N. (=> V3) and the submandibular gland
  • PARASYMPATHETIC ganglion
43
Q

what 2 nerves pass on the superficial surface of the hyoglossus muscle and what artery passes beneath?
- relative location

A

Nerves:
1. Lingual n. (superior, deeper) - nearer to insertion into the tongue

  1. Hypoglossal n. (inferior, more superficial) - nearer to origin on the hyoid

Artery:
- Lingual a. (=> external carotid)

44
Q

T or F: the lingual artery and nerve course together.

45
Q

Describe the course of the Lingual a.

A

Branches from external Carotid
1. Deep to posterior digastric and Stylohyoid mm.

  1. Beneath hyoglossus muscle
  2. INTO the tongue
46
Q

Describe the course of the lingual n.

A

Originates from V3 in INFRATEMPORAL Fossa
1. Posteriorly Lies along LATERAL side of styloglossus

  1. Crosses medially onto hyoglossus
  2. Connects to submandibular ganglion then continues forward
47
Q

What does the lingual n. do?

A
  1. Retrieves GSA info. from ANTERIOR 2/3 of the tongue
  2. GSA to floor of mouth
  3. GSA to lingual Gingiva
48
Q

What marks the boundary between the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the posterior 1/3?

A

Circumvallate Papillae

49
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the lingual n. fibers innervating the floor of the mouth and lingual gingiva of the mandible?

A

Semilunar Ganglion

**This is found in the middle cranial Fossa

50
Q

What boundaries define the paralingual space?

A
  • V-Shaped interval between the Mylohyoid and Hyoglossus
51
Q

What artery courses deep to the superficial part before emerging from under the mandible to reach the face?

A

Facial artery

**Note: facial vein course not on the deep side, but the SUPERFICIAL side of the submandibular gland

52
Q

T or F: infections from abscessed teeth and gingiva can easily travel in the paralingual space

53
Q

What provides special sensory information and parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual Glands?

54
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the lingual nerve located?

A

Trigeminal Gangion

55
Q

What nerve supplies GSA to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

- Cell body location?

A
  • CN IX

- Sensory Ganglia of IX and X or just below jugular foramen

56
Q

What branch of CN VII carries SA taste fibers from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

Chorda Tympani

57
Q

Where are the cell bodies for the SA fiber of CN VII located?

A

Geniculate Ganglion

periferal sensory ganglia CN VII

58
Q

T or F: BOTH taste and GSA from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue is from CN 9

59
Q

What 2 fiber types can be found in chorda tympani?

A
  1. SA fibers for anterior 2/3 of the tongue

2. PREganglionic Parasympathetic (GVE) Fibers

60
Q

Where do the preganglionic parasympathetic fiber running in Chorda Tympani come from and where are they running to?

A

From:
Motor Nuclei of VII in the Brain

To:
Submandibular Ganglion

61
Q

What types of cell bodies are found in the submandibular ganglion?

A
  • Postganglionic Parasympathetic Neurons
62
Q

What is the destination for the Postganlionic Axons leaving the Submandibular ganglion?

A
  1. Directly to Submandibular

2. Return to lingual n. and travel to Sublingual Gland

63
Q

What is the course of the lingual n. over the styloglossus m.?

A
  • Lateral to medial to get to the hyoglossus m. surface
64
Q

What is the position of the facial a. and v. relative to the submandibular gland?

A

Superficial to SUPERFICIAL pt. of gland:
- Facial v. => Deep facial => Pterygoid Plexus

DEEP to SUPERFICIAL pt of galnd:
- Facial a. => Ext. carotid

Anatomy Week 15 (10 decks)

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