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Anatomy Week 15 > Oral and Nasal Cavities > Flashcards

Oral and Nasal Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity?

A

Hard Palate

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2
Q

Nasal Cavity:

  • Roof
  • Floor
  • Medial Wall
A

Roof:

  • Frontal
  • Sphenoid
  • ETHMOID

Floor:
Hard palate

Medial:
- Nasal Septum

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3
Q

Nasal Cavity:

- Lateral Wall

A

Lateral:

  • Ethmoidal Labyrinth
  • Uncinate Process
  • Perpendicular Plate (Palatine Bone)
  • Pterygoid Process (Sphenoid)
  • Lacrimal Bones
  • Maxilla
  • Inferior Concha
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4
Q

Nasal Cavity:

- Anterior aperture (fleshy, bony)

A

Bony (single):
- Piriform Aperture

Fleshy (paired):
- Nares

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5
Q

Nasal Cavity:

- Posterior Aperture

A

Choanae

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6
Q

What does the hard palate forming the floor of the nasal cavity consist of?

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
A

Posterior:
- Horizontal Plate (palatine bone)

Anterior:
- Palatine Process (maxilla)

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7
Q

What does the nasal septum forming the medial wall of the nasal cavity consist of?

A
  • Nasal Cartilage
  • Vomer
  • Perpendicular plate (ethmoid)
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8
Q

What do the conchae on the lateral wall of the nasal cavity divide the space into?

A

4 meatuses:

  1. Superior
  2. Middle
  3. Inferior
  4. Common
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9
Q

What gateways are there for nerves are blood vessels to enter the nasal cavities?

A
  1. Cribiform Plate
  2. Sphenopalatine Foramen
  3. Incisive canal
  4. Small foramen in lateral wall and around margin of nares
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10
Q

What nerve supplies the special sensory to the nasal cavity?

A
  • Olfactory N. (CN I)
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11
Q

What nerves supply GSA to the nasal cavity?

A
  1. Anterior Ethmoid N. (V1)
  2. Nasopalatine n. (V2)
  3. Lateral Nasal Branches (V2)
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12
Q

Nasal Cavity GSA:

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
A

Anterior:
- Anterior Ethmoid N. (V1)

Posterior:

  • Nasopalatine (V2)
  • Lateral Nasal Branches (V2)

**Note: this includes the lateral walls of the respective areas

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13
Q

What nerve courses along the long axis of the ethmoid bone to reach the incisive canal?

A
  • Nasopalatine N. (V2)
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14
Q

What artery courses with the Anterior Ethmoid n.?

A
  • Anterior Ethmoid artery
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15
Q

What artery courses with the nasopalatine n.?

- where does it originate?

A
  • Sphenopalatine a. (=> maxillary a. => External Carotid => common carotid)

**This is a terminal Branch of the maxillary artery

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16
Q

What supplies GSA to the mucosa of the pharynx, nasal and oral cavities?

A

Pharynx:

  • Maxillary n. (V2)
  • Glossopharyngeal n. (IX)
  • Vagus (X)

Nasal and Oral:
- Trigeminal (V)

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17
Q

What are the 2 important cartilages of the external nose?

A
  • Septal and Alar Cartilages
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18
Q

What bones form the piriform APERTURE?

A
  • R and L maxilla Inferiorly and Laterally

- 2 small nasal bones superiorly

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19
Q

What bone forms the medial wall of the orbit and is also a major bone of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Oribital Plate of the Ethmoid Bone
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20
Q

What space lies superior to the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior Cranial Fossa

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21
Q

What is the destination of nerves and arteries in the pterygopalatine fossa?

A
  • Nasal Cavity

- Roof of the Mouth

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22
Q

What forms the nasal septum:
Anteriorly
Posteriorly

A

Anteriorly:
-Septal Cartilage

Posteriorly:

  • Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid
  • Vomer
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23
Q

How are the vessels of the nasal cavity and the superior sagittal sinus connected?

A
  • a Vein that runs through FORAMEN CECUM
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24
Q

What space is located just inside the nostril in the nasal cavity?
- what lies posterior

A
  • Vestibule

- Conchae lie posterior

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25
Q

T or F: the superior, middle and inferior nasal conchae are all derived from the ethmoid bone

A

False, the inferior concha is a separate bone

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26
Q

Where is the sphenoethmoidal Recess located?

A

Above the Superior Concha

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27
Q

What is the function of the mucous and choncha in the nasal cavity?

A

Mucous:
Filter and Humidify Air

Concha:
Increase SA to aid in WARMING the air

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28
Q

What is the pupose of hairs and mucous in the nasal cavity?

A
  • Remove Particles > 10 µm
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29
Q

What is the purpose of the cilia in the trachea?

A

To Move Material Up and Out

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30
Q

T or F: there is no mucous in healthy Alveoli?

A

True

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31
Q

What happens to particles that are

A
  • Phagocytosed by Alveolar Macrophages (DUST CELLS)
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32
Q

Where does most air go during quiet breathing?

A
  • Across Inferior Concha

- Through Middle meatus

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33
Q

When will air be forced up into the olfactory epithelium near the roof of the nasal cavity?

A
  • Strongly Sniffing
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34
Q

Where does the Sphenoid Sinus Drain ?

A

Sphenoethmoidal Recess (ABOVE the superior Meatus)

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35
Q

Ethmoid Air Cell Drainage?

  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
A

Anterior/Middle:
- Bulla Ethmoidalis (beneath Middle concha)

Posterior:
- Directly into the superior Meatus

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36
Q

Where do the Frontal and Maxillary Sinuses Drain?

- Drainage Route

A

Frontal:
Frontal Sinus –> Frontonasal Duct –> Hiatus Semilunaris –> Middle Meatus

Maxillary:
Maxillary Sinus –> Hiatus Semilunaris –> Middle Meatus

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37
Q

What forms the Hiatus Semilunaris?

A

Anteriorly:
Uncinate Process

Posterioly:
Ethmoid Bulla

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38
Q

What is the drainage problem of the maxillary sinus and how is it solved?
- what about when your sick?

A
  • to empty into the middle meatus, it must travel up

Normally:
Cilia beat and carry stuff up and out

Sick:
You blow your nose and use bernoulli’s principle to get stuff out

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39
Q

What does the Nasolacrimal duct drain and where does it empty?

A
  • Drains tears from the surface of the eye

- Empties into Inferior Meatus

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40
Q

What sinuses empty into the Spenoethmoidal Recess, Superior Meatus, Middle Meatus, Inferior Meatus?

A

Spenoethmoidal Recess:
1. Sphenoid Sinus

Superior Meatus:
1. Posterior Ethmoid Air Cells

Middle Meatus:

  1. Anterior and Middle Ethmoid Air Cells
  2. Frontal Sinus
  3. Maxillary Sinus

Inferior Meatus:
1. Nasolacrimal Duct

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41
Q

T or F: Maxillary Teeth lie beneath the maxillary sinus

A

True, Severe infections in sinus can cause tooth rotting or visa versa

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42
Q

What opening lies just posterior to the middle concha?

- Bones joining here

A

Spenopalatine Foramen

  • Palatine Bone Meets Sphenoid
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43
Q

What openings lie near the posterior end of the hard palate?

A

Greater and Lesser Palatine Foramina

  • Where verticle and horizontal plates meet
44
Q

What nerve(s) give(s) off branches that travel through the sphenopalatine foramen, foramin in the lateral wall, and greater and lesser palatine foramina?

  • Fiber Type(s)
  • Associated Ganglia
A

Maxillary N. (V2) - GSA fiber to mucosa of the nasal Cavity
- Trigeminal Ganglion

  • CN VII has POSTganglionic GVE fibers traveling with maxillary branches
  • Pterygopalatine Ganglion
45
Q

What branches are given off by the maxillary a. has it comes through into the nasal cavity (via sphenopalatine foramen or formamen in the lateral wall)?

  • Distribution
A

Lateral Nasal Branches:
- Disrtibute over Conchae

Greater and Lesser Palatine:
- Go through their respective foramina and distribute in the ROOF of the ORAL CAVITY

46
Q

What does the nasociliary nerve (V1) innervate?

A
  • Ethmoidal Air Cells
  • Sphenoid Sinus
  • Lateral Nasal Wall and Septum
47
Q

Describe the course of the nasopalatine nerve.

A

Arches over the roof of the nasal cavity and descends on septum toward incisive canal

48
Q

What does the nasopalatine n. innervate?

A
  • Septum

- Small area of Hard Palate around Incisive Foramen

49
Q

T or F: Olfactory nn. are present on the septum, Superior Concha, and Sphenoethmoidal Recess

A

True

50
Q

Where do olfactory nerves synapse?

A

In the olfactory bulb

51
Q

T or F: GSA innervation is supplied to the nasal cavity by CN I and V.

A

False, CN I provides SA fibers while GSA fibers are provided by CN V

52
Q

What does the anterior ethmoid n. branch FROM and what nn. does it give rise TO?

A

Branch FROM:
Nasocilliary n.

Branches of Ant. Ethmoid n.:
- Internal, Extenal, and Lateral nasal branches

53
Q

What does the Internal Nasal Branch of the Infraorbital n. do?

A
  • Innervates the nasal vestibule
54
Q

What nerves provide GSA innervation to the nasal Cavity?

A

Anteriorly:
- Internal, External, Lateral Nasal branches of Antertior Ethmoidal n. => Nasociliary n. => V1

  • Internal Nasal Branch of Infraorbital n. => V2

Posteriorly:
- Superior and Inferior Posterior Lateral Nasal nn. => V2

55
Q

T or F: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic nn. accompany distribution of CN V in the nasal Cavity

A

True

56
Q

Explain what nerve have overlapping GSA function in the Nasopharynx.

A

Glosspharyngeal (IX)
- innervates the posterior aspect of the nasopharynx

Maxillary n. (V2)
- innervates the superior part of the nasopharynx

57
Q

What 2 arteries anastomose in the incisive foramen?

A
  • Greater Palatine a.

- Sphenopalatine a.

58
Q

What 3 nerves supply the nasal septum?

A
  1. Anterior Ethmoid N.
  2. Nasopalatine N.
  3. Olefactory n.
59
Q

What arteries give rise to the anterior and posterior septal arterial branches?

A

Anterior:
- Anterior Ethmoidal a.

Posterior:
- Sphenopalatine a.

60
Q

What two foramen must the sphenopalatine a. pass through before entering the nasal cavity?

A
  • Pterygopalatine Foramen

- Sphenopalatine Foramen

61
Q

What is Kiesselbach’s Plexus?

- what arteries make it up?

A
  • Point were 90% of Nosebleeds start

Arteries Involved:

  • Anterior Ethmoid
  • Alar brs., Lateral Nasal
  • Sphenopalatine brs.
  • Greater Palatine
62
Q

Where do veins in the anterior superior aspect of the lateral wall drain to?
- all others?

A
  1. Through Foramen Cecum to SUPERIOR SAGITTAL SINUS
  2. Opthalmic Vein to Cavernous sinus

**Others drain to PTERYGOID PLEXUS to DURAL SINUSES

63
Q

T or F: an infection in ANY area of the nasal cavity could quickly spread to the dural sinuses

A

True

64
Q

What forms the hard palate?

A
  • Palatine Processes of the MAXILLA

- Horizonal Plate of the PALATINE bone

65
Q

What bone do the incisive canals penetrate?

A
  • Maxilla

**Note: these unite in the middle for form the incisive forame

66
Q

What is conducted through the incisive foramen?

A
  • Nasopalatine n. Branches

- Anastomotic connections between greater palatine and sphenopalatine aa.

67
Q

What bone do the greater and lesser palatine foramen pass through?

A
  • Palatine
68
Q

Where does the greater palatine CANAL start and end?

A

Start:
Pterygopalatine Fossa

End:
- Greater and Lesser Palatine Canals

69
Q

What is found in the greater and lesser palatine canals?

A
  • Greater/lesser Palatine a. => descending palatine a.
  • Veins of same name accompany the aa.
  • Greater/lesser palatine n.
70
Q

What is the function of the lesser palatine n.?

A

Serves Soft Palate

71
Q

What innervates the lingual gingiva of the Maxilla?

A
  1. Greater Palatine n.

2. nasopalatine n.

72
Q

What closes off nasal-oral communication during swallowing or sucking?

A

Soft palate

**Note its Velum normally hangs down across the entrance to the oropharynx

73
Q

Where do the muculus uvulae, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus muscles arise from?

A
  • Posterior Palatine Spine

- Palatine Aponeurosis

74
Q

T or F: the musculus uvulae can contract shortening the uvula changing the contour of the palate to help close off the nasopharynx.

A

True

75
Q

See muscle table for info. on muscles of the palate

A

See muscle table for info. on muscles of the palate

76
Q

Where does the vasculature of the palate come from?

A
  1. Lesser Palatine
  2. Ascending Palatine
  3. Tonsilar Branches of Facial a.
77
Q

What is the palatine aponeurosis attached to?

A

Horizontal Plate of Palatine Bone

78
Q

T or F: the Tendon of the Tensor Veli Palatini Muscle stengthens the palatine aponeurosis.

A

True

79
Q

What is the primary support of the nasopharynx?

A

Pharyngobasilar Fascia

80
Q

Define the following spaces of the Oral Cavity:

  • Vestibule

- Oral Cavity Proper

A

Vestibule
- narrow area between lips and cheeks and teeth and gums

Oral Cavity Proper:
- Between alveolar arches and teeth

81
Q

What muscles lie under the skin of the lips and cheek?

A

Lips:
Orbicularis Oris

Cheeks:
Buccinator

82
Q

What is the dense fibrous tissue of the gingivae connected to?

A
  • Alveolar Arches of the Maxilla and Mandible
83
Q

How many teeth are there?

  • what part is seen
  • which is embedded in bone
A
  • 32 (16 in each jaw)
  • Crown is seen
  • Root is embedded in bone
84
Q

What do the following directions mean as they refer to teeth?

  • Labial
  • Buccal
  • Lingual
A 
Labial = anterior
Buccal = Lateral
Lingual = internal surfaces
85
Q

Innervation of Lingual Gingiva

  • mandibular
  • maxillar
A

Mandibular:
- Lingual n.

Maxillary:

  • Greater Palatine
  • Nasopalatine nn.
86
Q

What is the oropharyngeal isthmus?

A
  • Narrowed Space between oral cavity and pharynx
87
Q

What makes up the tonsilar pillars?

A
  • Palatopharyngeal fold
  • Palatoglossal fold
  • *This one marks boundary between pharynx and oral cavity
88
Q

What connects the base of the tongue to the epiglottis?

- what structures lie between?

A
  • Median and Lateral Glossoepiglottic Folds
  • Valleculae Lie Between

***note: things can accumulate in valleculae

89
Q

What lies BETWEEN the palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal folds?

A
  • Palatine Tonsils
90
Q

Anterior 2/3 of tongue.

  • Pharyngeal arch
  • GSA
  • SA
A

1st Pharyngeal Arch

GSA:
- Lingual branch of V3 (mandibular division of trigeminal)

SA:
- CN VII fibers that have joined the lingual branch of V3

91
Q

What is the sulcus terminalis?

- what lies at the midpoint?

A

Marks the division between the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and the posterior 1/3.

  • Foramen secum lies at the midpoint
92
Q

What duct connected into the foramen cecum during development?

A

Thyroglossal duct

**Foramen Cecum = where the thyroid began to develope, Thyroglossal duct = how it migrated down

93
Q

What papillae form the v-shape dividing anterior and posterior parts of the tongue?

A

Circumvallate / Vallate Papillae (8-12)

94
Q

Besides circumvallate papillae, what other papillae lie on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A
  • Filliform

- Fungiform

95
Q

What arches does the posterior 1/3 of the tongue develop from?

  • which is dominant
  • how do you know
A
  • 2nd, 3rd, 4th arches

- Arch 3 = dominant, indicated by CN IX being the innervation here

96
Q

What tonsil lies just posterior to the sulcus terminalis?

A
  • Lingual Tonsil

**Often hard to distinguish from lower aspect of palatine tonsil

97
Q

What parts make up the epiglottic region of the tongue?

A
  1. Valleculae
  2. Median Glossoepiglottic Fold
  3. Epiglottis
98
Q

What supplies GSA and SA fibers to the epiglottic region of the tongue?

A

CN X via INTERNAL branch of SUPERIOR layrngeal n.

99
Q

HOW DOES CN IX get to the TONGUE?

A
  • Goes around LATERAL edge of stylopharygeus into the Tongue (posterior 1/3)

**Note: it must pass between the superior and middle constictors to do this

100
Q

What suppies GSA and SA innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
- Cell body location

A
  • CN IX

- Cell Bodies = Superior and/or inferior ganglia

101
Q

T or F: as you proceed past the nasal vestibule, hair stops and the walls are smooth and mucous coated

A

True

102
Q

A patient present with swollen uvula and tonsils and is drooling, and is respiratory distress. What should you suspect?

A

Epiglottitis

***Note: this condition progresses fairly quickly

103
Q

Why is the threshold for suspicion of epiglottitis low?

A

Because its fairly common and deadly if undiagnosed

104
Q

What is the key for suspecting epiglottitis?

A

Severity of sore throat is out of proportion to the findings

105
Q

What are some symptoms of epiglottitis?

A
  1. Tripod Position
  2. Anxiety
  3. Sore Throat
  4. Stridor
  5. Drooling
  6. Dysphagia
  7. Respiratory Distress

Anatomy Week 15 (10 decks)

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