Parker's SG Flashcards
What muscle splits the digastric tendon to insert on the hyoid bone?
- Stylohyoid m.
What muscles are innervated by C1 fibers that are traveling with CN XII?
- Geniohyoid
2. Thyrohyoid
What two muscles are innervated by the nerve to mylohyoid?
- Innervation type (GSE, BE, GVE, GSA, SA)
- Where does mylohyoid nerve come from
- Anterior Digastric
- Mylohyoid
- Innervation = BE (both muscles derived from the 1st arch)
- Nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of the inferior alveolar branch of CN V3
What are the differences between the anterior and posterior divisions of the mandibular n. (V3)?
Anterior:
- All motor branches, except one sensory branch
Posterior:
- All sensory branches, except one motor branch
What are all of the GSA branches of the mandibular n.?
Allen Iverson Loves Basketball
Auriculotemporal n.
Inferior Alveolar n.
Lingual n.
Buccal n.
Which division of V3 is associated with the submandibular ∆?
- Exception?
Sensory Branches:
- Auriculotemporal n.
- Inferior Alveolar n.
- Lingual n.
One Motor Branch:
- Nerve to Mylohyoid
Lingual n (V3)
- what does it innervate?
- Cell bodies
- GSA to anterior 2/3 of the tongue, floor of the mouth, lingual gingiva
- GSA cell bodies in the Trigeminal Ganglia
What fibers are CARRIED by the Lingual n. (V3)
- Fiber type
GVE - FROM Chorda Tympani (CN VII)
SA - TO Chorda Tympani (CN VII) from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
Where are the Cell bodies for the Sensory and Motor branches of the Chorda Tympani?
Motor:
- Submandibular ganglion
Sensory:
- Geniculate Ganglion
What structures are innervated by the chorda typmani GVE component?
Motor innervation to:
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual Gland
Where does Chorda Typmani (CN VII) join the lingual n.?
- as it Exits the skull via PETROTYMPANIC FISSURE
What fiber types are associated with the lingual n. itself and which are associated with Chorda Tympani?
- gangilia
GSA - Lingual n.
- Trigeminal Ganglia
GVE - Chorda Tympani (CN VII)
- Submandibular Ganglia
SA - Chorda Tympani
- Geniculate Ganglia
What artery and vein travel superficial to mylohyoid?
- Facial a.
- Facial v.
Describe the course of the facial artery. (relative to submandibular gland)
Deep to (or within) SUPERFICIAL part of the submandibular gland
Describe the course of the facial vein? (relative to submandibular gland)
Superficial to the SUPERFICIAL part of the submandibular gland
What structures run DEEP to mylohyoid but SUPERFICIAL to Hyoglossus?
*****Important
- Hypoglossal n.
- Lingual n.
- Submandibular Duct
- Deep part of the Submandibular Gland
- Sublingual Gland
- Submandibular Ganglion
T or F: the lingual a. is superficial to the hyoglossus m.
False, it is deep to hyoglossus
What is the course of the lingual n.?
- Passes Laterally, then inferiorly, and medially to submandibular duct to reach the tongue
Where does the submandibular duct empty into the oral cavity?
- Sublingual Caruncle
What artery runs with the nerve to the mylohyoid?
- where does this artery branch from?
- Submental a. (=> facial a. => External jugular)
What innervates the epiglottic region of the tongue?
- GSA
- SA
GSA and SA are both done by CN X (internal branch of superior laryngeal)
What innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and lingual tonsils?
- GSA
- SA
GSA and SA are both CN IX (lingual and tonsilar branches)
What innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
- GSA
- SA
GSA - Lingual n. (V3)
SA - Chorda Tympani (VII)
All muscles of the tongue are innervated by 1. __________ except for 2. ________ that is innervated by 3. _________.
- Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
- Palatoglossus
- CN (X)
Where will the tongue deviate in hypoglossal nerve palsy?
To the side of the affected nerve
You ask a patient to say ahh and when they say ahh you notice that the uvula deviates to the left. What nerve is injured?
- RIGHT vagus n. (CN X)
**Uvula deviates to the side OPPOSITE of the injury
What bones make up the hard palate?
Anterior 3/4:
- Palatine Process (maxillary bone)
Posterior 1/4:
- Horizontal Process (palatine bone)
What supplies GSA innervation to the hard palate?
- Soft palate?
Anterior 1/3:
Nasopalatine n. (V2) via INCISIVE FORAMEN
Posterior 2/3:
Greater Palatine n. (V2)
Soft Palate:
Lesser Palatine n. (V2)
What 3 things contribute to the nasal septum?
PVC
- Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid
- Vomer
- Cartilage (septal)
What bones contribute to the lateral nasal wall?
- Ethmoid
- Inferior Turbinate
- Frontal
- Maxillary
- Palatine
- Sphenoid
Two areas does the sphenopalatine foramen connect?
- Pterygopalatine Fossa to Nasal Cavity
What passes through the sphenopalatine Foramen?
- Nasopalatine n. (=> Maxillary n. (V2))
2. Sphenopalatine a. (=> Maxillary a.)
What nerve is responsible for smell in the nasal cavity?
- How does this nerve access the cavity?
- Olefactory n. (CN I)
- Goes through foramina in the cribiform plate of ethmoid bone
What two branches of trigeminal are responsible for all of the GSA innervation to the Nasal Cavity?
- Opthalmic (V1)
- Maxillary (V2)
What areas of the nasal cavity get GSA innervation from the Opthalmic and Maxillary nn.?
- name these branches
Anterior:
- Anterior Ethmoid Branch of Nasociliary => Opthalmic (V1)
Posterior:
- Posterior Lateral Branches of Nasopalatine => Maxillary (V2)
Where do each of the nerve responsible for GSA innervation of the nasal cavity enter the space?
Antherior Ethmoid n.
-Anterior Ethmoid Foramen (from orbit)
Nasopalatine n.
- Sphenopalatine foramen
Branches of what two arteries provide blood supply to the nasal cavity?
- Opthalmic. a (=> INTERNAL carotid)
2. Maxillary a. (=> EXTERNAL CAROTID)
What are the named branches of the opthamic a. and maxillary a. that are found in the nasal cavity?
Anterior Nasal Cavity:
Anterior ethmoidal a. (=> opthalmic a. => ICA)
Posterior Nasal Cavity:
Sphenopalatine a. (=> maxillary a. => ECA)
How the the anterior ethmoidal and sphenopalatine aa. enter the oral cavity?
Anterior Ethmoidal a.
- Anterior Ethmoid Foramen (w/ ethmoid n. (V1))
Sphenopalatine a.
- Sphenopalatine a. (w/ nasopalatine n. (V2))
What bones do the superior middle and inferior conchae come from?
Ethmoid Bone:
- Superior
- Middle
Turbinate bone:
- Inferior
What recess and meatuses are related to the 3 conchae?
- Sphenoethmoidal Recess (above superior conchae)
- Superior meatus (between superior and middle recess)
- Middle meatus (Between middle and inferior)
- Inferior meatus (Between inferior and hard palae)
In what meatus can you find the hiatus semilunaris?
Middle Meatus
What are the superior and inferior boundaries of the hiatus semilunaris?
Superior:
- Bulla Ethmoidalis
Inferior:
- Uncinate Process of Ethmoid Bone
What 4 sinuses drain into the nasal cavity?
- Frontal Sinus
- Ethmoid Air Cells
- Sphenoid Sinus
- Maxillary
Where is the frontal sinus located?
- In frontal bone mid-forehead
Where are the ethmoid air cells located?
- Between Orbit and Nasal Cavity
**Note: there are anterior, middle, and posterior air cells
Where is the sphenoid sinus located?
Body of the sphenoid bone
Where is the maxillary sinus located?
Lateral to nasal cavity, under the orbit
**Where does the sphenoid sinus drain?
- Sphenoethmoidal Recess
**Where do the posterior air cells drain?
- Into the superior meatus
**Where do Middle ethmoidal air cells drain?
- Bulla Ethmoidalis
**Where does the frontal sinus drain?
- Hiatus Semilunaris via infundibulum
**Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
- Hiatus Semilunaris via Maxillary os
**Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?
- Inferior meatus
**Where do the anterior ethmoidal air cells drain?
- Hiatus Semilunaris
What sinus drain into the middle meatus?
Bulla Ethmoidalis
- Middle Ethmoidal air Cells
Hiatus Semilunaris
- Frontal sinus
- Maxillary sinus
- anterior ethmoidal air cells
What two structures does salphigopharyngeus span?
- innervation
- Internal Auditory Tube (cartilaginous part)
- Lateral Wall of Pharynx
Innervation:
vagus n.
What two structures does palatopharyngeus span?
- innervation
- Palate
- Lateral wall of pharynx
Innervation:
vagus n.
Where is styloglossus relative to tonsillar bed?
- LATERAL to the tonsillar bed
What makes up the following boundaries of the tonsilar bed?
- Anterior
- Posterior
- Floor
Anterior:
Anterior Tonsilar Pillar
Posterior:
Posterior Tonsilar Pillar
Floor:
- Superior Constrictor Muscles
What forms the anterior tonsilar pillar?
- Innervation?
- Significance?
- Formed by Palatoglossal Fold
- Innervated by CN X
- Divides Oral Cavity from Oropharynx
T or F: the Palatoglossal mm. is the ONLY muscle of the tongue NOT innervated by CN XII
True
What forms the posterior tonsilar pillar?
- Innervation?
Palatopharyngeus m.
- Innervated by CN X
Where do the palatine tonsils lie relative to the tonsilar pillars?
BETWEEN the anterior (palatoglossus) and posterior (palatopharyngeus) tonsilar pillars
What Nerve runs DEEP to the mucosa of the tonsilar bed?
Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
What is the torus Tubarius?
- Cartilage Cul-de-sac in the wall of the nasopharynx
***Marks the opening of the auditory tube
What 3 muscles are related to Torus Tubarius?
- Relative Positions
Anterior:
- Tensor Veli Palatini m.
INSIDE cul-de-sac:
- Levator Veli Palatini m.
Posterior:
- Salphigopharyngeus m.
What arch gives rise to tensor veli palatini?
- innervation
- 1st arch
- CN V3 (BE motor)
T or F: the tensor veli palatini arises from the scaphoid fossa
True
What muscle hooks 90º around the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate?
Tensor Veli Palatini m.
T or F: levator veli palatini lets you pop your ears
FALSE, this is the action of Tensor Veli Palatini that attaches to the fibrous part of the auditory tube
What is the stuctures lie anterior and posterior to the isthmus of the parotid gland?
Posterior:
- Posterior Digastric
- Stylohyoid mm.
Anterior:
- Ramus of Mandible
- Masseter
- Medial Pterygoid m.
What part of the Parotid Overlies the masseter mm.?
- Superficial Part of the parotid gland
What muscle is penetrated by the parotid duct and where does the duct empty?
Muscle Penetrated:
- Buccinator m.
Empties:
- Opposite the upper 2nd Molar Tooth
What 3 structures are embedded in the parotid gland? (superficial to deep)
Superficial:
- Facial n. Branches (TZBMC)
Middle:
- Retromandibular v.
Deep:
- External Carotid a. (and its last 3 branches)
What veins make up the retromadibular v. and the External Jugular Vein?
Retromandibular:
Superficial temporal v. + Maxillary v.
EJV:
Retromadibular + Posterior Auricular
What nerve and artery travel just anterior to the ear (aka external auditory meatus)?
Artery:
Superficial Temporal a.
Nerve:
Auriculotemporal n.
Auriculotemporal n. (V3)
- Fiber Type
- Structures innervated
GSA to:
- Parotid Gland Capsule
- Lateral Scalp
- TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
What parasympathetic fibers ride along with the auriculotemporal n. (V3)?
- Preganglionic or Postganglionic?
- Associated ganglia?
POST-ganglionic fibers FROM the otic ganglia
What carriers PREganglionic parasympathetic fibers TO the Otic Ganglion?
- Tympanic N. (CN IX)
2. Lesser Petrosal N. (CN IX)
T or F: all muscles of facial expression are derived from the second pharyngeal arch and so are associated with CN XII
FALSE, CN VII innervates these muscles because they derive from the 2nd pharyngeal arch
Where does CN VII exit the skull?
- At the stylomastoid Foramen
What are the 5 motor branches of the facial nn.?
To Zanzibar By Motor Car
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Marginal-Mandibular
- Cervical branches
What two cranial nn. give off buccal n. and what do these different nn. do?
CN VII:
BE motor to Buccinator
CN V3:
GSA to buccal mucosa (Cheek) a
What is Bell’s Palsy?
~Unilateral paralysis of facial and mm.
**Patients typically drool do to paralysis
What 3 facial muscles allow you to smile?
Risorius m. + 2 zygomaticus mm.
What actions is the Buccinator mm. important for?
- Eating
- Drinking
- PLAYING TRUMPET
- BLOWING
What 3 foramina does the 3rd division of the maxillary a. run through after exiting the Infratemporal Fossa?
- Pterygomaxillary Fissure
- Peterygopalatine Fossa
- Sphenopalatine Foramen
What are the 5 branches of the 1st division of the Maxillary a.?
“DAM I Am…
- Deep auricular a.
- Anterior Tympanic a.
- Middle Meningeal a.
- Inferior Alveolar a.
- Accessory Meningeal a.
What are the 4 branches off of the 2nd division of the Maxillary a.?
…aM Piss Drunk, But…
- Masseteric a.
- Pterygoid a.
- Deep temporal a.
- Buccal a.
What are the 8 branches of the 3rd division of the Maxillary a.?
…Studpid Drunk I Prefer, Must Phone Alcoholics Anonymous.”
- Sphenopalatine a.
- Descending Palatine a.
- Infraorbital a.
- Posterior Superior Alveolar a.
- Middle Superior Alveolar a.
- Pharyngeal a.
- Anterior Superior Alveolar a.
- Artery of the pterygoid canal
What 3 branches of the external carotid are found in the parotid gland?
- Posterior Auricular
- Superficial Temporal
- Maxillary
What nerve conducts postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the parotid?
Auriculotemporal (=>mandibular (V3)) conducts POSTganglionic fibers from CN IX
T or F: the buccal n. is located deep to the buccal fat pad.
FALSE, it is superficial
What muscles overlie:
- Supraorbital n.
- Infraorbital n.
- mental n.
Supraorbital - Frontalis
Infraorbital - Levator Labii Superioris
Mental n - Depressor Labii Inferioris m.
What n. is responsible for moving the mandible up and down?
CN V3 - MAST-MATT
What n. is responsible for closing your mouth while chewing?
CN VII - mm. of facial expression, post. digastric, stylohyoid, stapedius
What n. is responsible for your tongue making the proper movements while chewing and swallowing?
CN XII - (except for for palatoglossus)
What nn. are responsible for the swallowing reflex?
- afferent
- efferent
Afferent:
CN IX
Efferent:
CN X
