subcategorisation, alignment, config, marking Flashcards
definition
Subcategorisation of verbs
the division of verbs into subcategories based on number and syntactic category (phrase type) of the complements they appear with
3 subcategories/transivity
Intransitive verbs
Transitive
Ditransitive
Intransitive verbs
- 0 NP/CP complements = 0 direct objects
- subject
- eg. Sam laughs. Sam listens to music
Transitive verbs
Transitive subcategorise for 1 complement
Transitive verbs
- 1 NP/CP complement
- subject
- eg. Sam collected… Sam thinks…
Ditransitive verbs
Ditransitive verbs
- 2 complements (2NP, NP+ CP, NP+ PP
- subject
- Sam gave Pat a dollar. Sam gave a dollar to Pat.
- Sam told Pat im a clown.
Grammatical relations is
the different types of syntactic relationships that constituents can have with the predicate that require them
2 grammatical relations
- subject
- object
these are defined morphosyntactically (form and bheaviour in sentences) and language-internally
ENGLISH CASE
Nominative accusative, possessive
subject, object
S and A are marked nominative
P is accusative
subjects - 1SG i, we, you, 3SG he, she it, 3PL they
objects - me, us, you, them
possessive - my our your, their, his her
English subjects
before verb
- precede (before) the main verb
- appears in nominative case
- verb agrees with person and number
- is obligatory
subjects - agreement
Verb changes its form based on person + number of one of its constituents (SUBJECT)
I am eating burgers
You are eating burgers
subject - case
morphological case- constituent marked to show role in the clause
English - in pronouns only
- I kissed the dog = 1SG subject
- the dog kissed me = 1SG object
- Bob kissed my dog = 1SG possessor
subjects obligatory
all clauses require a subject
- eg. wombats sheltered under my house
- its raining (pleonatic subject) *raining
English objects
after verb
- constituent that appears in accusative case if a pronoun
- follows the main verb
the dog kissed me, us, them
objects in word order
‘humans love making errors’
- making = verb
- errors = object
english indirect objects
complements that are PP
‘the bird placed the egg in the nest
Morphosyntactic alignment
how S, A, and P are treated morphosyntactially (form, structure of words in sentence)
universal primes of S A P
**S **= intransitive - expressed argument of intransitive verbs, subject
**A **= transitive - most agent-like expressed argument (subject) of transitive/ditransitive verb
P = object - other arguement of di/transitive verb
Nominative accusative
like English
S and A behave the same
Ergative absolutive
like Warlmanpa
S and P behave the same
Tripartite
S , A , P behave differently
-Ø morpheme
absence of a suffix
- nominative
typology
design space of language
morphological type is
classifying languages based on their overall morphological profiles
MORPHOLOGICAL TYPE HAS
2 parameters:
- Synthesis
- Fusion