subcategorisation, alignment, config, marking Flashcards

1
Q

definition

Subcategorisation of verbs

A

the division of verbs into subcategories based on number and syntactic category (phrase type) of the complements they appear with

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2
Q

3 subcategories/transivity

A

Intransitive verbs

Transitive

Ditransitive

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3
Q

Intransitive verbs

A
  • 0 NP/CP complements = 0 direct objects
  • subject
  • eg. Sam laughs. Sam listens to music
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4
Q

Transitive verbs

Transitive subcategorise for 1 complement

A

Transitive verbs
- 1 NP/CP complement
- subject
- eg. Sam collected… Sam thinks…

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5
Q

Ditransitive verbs

A

Ditransitive verbs
- 2 complements (2NP, NP+ CP, NP+ PP
- subject
- Sam gave Pat a dollar. Sam gave a dollar to Pat.
- Sam told Pat im a clown.

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6
Q

Grammatical relations is

A

the different types of syntactic relationships that constituents can have with the predicate that require them

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7
Q

2 grammatical relations

A
  • subject
  • object

these are defined morphosyntactically (form and bheaviour in sentences) and language-internally

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8
Q

ENGLISH CASE

A

Nominative accusative, possessive
subject, object

S and A are marked nominative
P is accusative

subjects - 1SG i, we, you, 3SG he, she it, 3PL they
objects - me, us, you, them
possessive - my our your, their, his her

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9
Q

English subjects

before verb

A
  • precede (before) the main verb
  • appears in nominative case
  • verb agrees with person and number
  • is obligatory
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10
Q

subjects - agreement

A

Verb changes its form based on person + number of one of its constituents (SUBJECT)
I am eating burgers
You are eating burgers

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11
Q

subject - case

morphological case- constituent marked to show role in the clause

A

English - in pronouns only
- I kissed the dog = 1SG subject
- the dog kissed me = 1SG object
- Bob kissed my dog = 1SG possessor

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12
Q

subjects obligatory

A

all clauses require a subject
- eg. wombats sheltered under my house
- its raining (pleonatic subject) *raining

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13
Q

English objects

after verb

A
  • constituent that appears in accusative case if a pronoun
  • follows the main verb

the dog kissed me, us, them

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14
Q

objects in word order

A

‘humans love making errors’
- making = verb
- errors = object

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15
Q

english indirect objects

A

complements that are PP
‘the bird placed the egg in the nest

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16
Q

Morphosyntactic alignment

A

how S, A, and P are treated morphosyntactially (form, structure of words in sentence)

17
Q

universal primes of S A P

A

**S **= intransitive - expressed argument of intransitive verbs, subject
**A **= transitive - most agent-like expressed argument (subject) of transitive/ditransitive verb
P = object - other arguement of di/transitive verb

18
Q

Nominative accusative

like English

A

S and A behave the same

19
Q

Ergative absolutive

like Warlmanpa

A

S and P behave the same

20
Q

Tripartite

A

S , A , P behave differently

21
Q

-Ø morpheme

A

absence of a suffix
- nominative

22
Q

typology

A

design space of language

23
Q

morphological type is

A

classifying languages based on their overall morphological profiles

24
Q

MORPHOLOGICAL TYPE HAS

2 parameters:

A
  • Synthesis
  • Fusion
25
Synthesis | number of morphemes per word ## Footnote synthetic and isolating
**Synthetic **=* many words are multimorphemic* - combining many morphemes per word - Mudburra **Isolating **= *many words are monomorphemic* - 1-1-1 morpheme word meaning correpondence - to add new meaning(tense, plural) add another word - Vietnamese
26
Fusion | number of meanings per morpheme ## Footnote segmentability of words into units
**Agglutinating languages** - one meaning per morpheme - clear boundaries between morphemes - words >1 morpheme - eg Turkish - man (adam) adam, adami, adamlar, adamlari **Fusional languages** - multiple meanings per morpheme - boundaries are hard to determine - Russian
27
morphological types english examples
isolating - will, have, a, for agglutinating - anti-dis-establish fusional - she (3rd person singular), brought (past tense bring) polysynthetic - glue-sniffing
28
Word order typology | = constituent order
languages classified according to how S, O, V are arranged
29
predicting order
VO prepositions - P-NP, N-AdjP, Aux-VP head-dependent VO postpositions - NP-P, AdjP-N, VP-Aux dependent head
30
Configurationality
VO - right branching - head-initial - English OV - left branching - head-final - Japanese
31
Non-configuration
no strict ordering to elements in clauses - Warlpiri
32
# Consituents role within its phrase of clause. morphology on the head/dep 1. Head marking
nature of the relationship between a head and its dependents are indicated on the head | VERBS ARE CONSIDERED THE HEADS OF CLAUSE
33
2. Dependent marking
nature of the relationship between a head and its dependents are indicated on the dependents
34
English marking
bit of both - pronomial case - dependent marking - i saw them, they saw me - verb agreement - head-marking - the bird is swooping - the birds are swooping - i am swooping - --> here, head tense (verb BE, is, are, am) is changing