Stuff I got wrong on qbank Flashcards
1
Q
Tx for Cdiff
A
First line Metronidazole
2nd line and for severe - Vanco
2
Q
ACL tear MOA
A
non contact pivoting injury
3
Q
PCL Tear MOA
A
“dashboard” injury
4
Q
MCL Tear MOA
A
VaLgus stress
5
Q
LCL Tear MOI
A
VaRus stress
6
Q
Sheehan’s syndrome
A
hypopituitarism after delivery of baby d/t decreased perfusion w/ blood loss.
7
Q
Tx for Sheehan’s syndrome
A
Hormone replacement
8
Q
Schizophreniform disorder
A
Meets criteria for schizophrenia but <6mo
9
Q
Schizoaffective disorder
A
Schizophrenia + mood disorder (MDD, bipolar)
10
Q
schizophrenia
A
> 6mo of duration w/ 1 mo of acute sx w/ functional decline.
11
Q
Positive sx of schizophrenia
A
Hallucinations
delusions
disorganized speech
movement d/o
12
Q
What are the positive sx of schizophrenia caused by?
A
Excess dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway
13
Q
Negative sx of schizophrenia
A
Flat affect
social withdrawal
lack of emotional expression and communication
silent patients
14
Q
What are the negative sx of schizophrenia caused by?
A
Dopamine dysruction in the mesocrtical pathway
15
Q
DOC for schizophrenia
A
2nd gen antipsychotics
Clozapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine
16
Q
Somatization d/o
A
Chronic condition in which pt has physical sx including >1part of the body but NO physical cause found
17
Q
Conversion disorder
A
Neurologic loss of sensory or motor function
sx are not intentionally produced or feigned
18
Q
Schizoid personality disorder
A
voluntary social withdrawal, anhedonic introversion, hermit like behavior
19
Q
Schizotypal personality disorder
A
“magical thinking” strange eccentric behavior and peculiar thought patters but without psychosis
20
Q
Prehn’s sign
A
Releif of pain w/ elevation of affected scrotum
21
Q
What testicular disorders have a positive Prehn’s sign
A
Epididymitis and Orchiitis
22
Q
MC cause of epidiymitis-orchitis in adult males <35yo
A
Chlamydia and N Gonorrhoeae
23
Q
MC cause of epididymitis-orchitis in adult males >35
A
E coli, klebsiella
24
Q
MC cause of epididymitis-orchitis in children
A
Mumps
25
MC cause of painless scrotal swelling
hydrocele
26
Difference between spermatocele and hydrocele
Spermatocele contains sperm
Hydorcele is just fluid
NOTHING ELSE
27
Apbrupt onset of scrotal, inguinal, or lower and pain +/- N/V. Negative Prehn's sign.
Testicular torsion
28
Epidemiology of DKA pts
Younger w/ type I
29
Epidemiology of HHS pt's
Older w/ type 2
30
Presenting sx of DKA
Type I DM, thirst, polyuria, nocturia, weakness, fatigue, confusion, fatigue, chest pain, abd pain, Fruity breath and Kussmaul respiration
31
Explain Kussmaul respiration
Deep continuous resperiation as lung tries to blow off more CO2 to reduce ademia
32
Plasma glucose of HHS
>600
33
Plasma glucose of DKA
>250
34
Critical fist step of HHS/DKA management
IV fluid
| 0.9%NS until hypotension/orthostasis resolved
35
What do we give all DKA/HHS patients regardless of their levels along with insulin
K,
| Pt is always total body potassium deficient and correction of DKA will cause hypokalemia
36
What does SIADH do in the body?
either the pituitary or an ectopic source inappropriately increases ADH production. --> increased free water retention and impaired excretion --> hypovolemic hyponatremia
37
Labs for SIADH
```
Serum osm LOW (<280)
NA LOW (<135)
Hypouricemia
BUN LOW (diluted)
Urine osm HIGH (>300)
***KEY IS THE URINE OSM IS HIGH WHILE THE SERUM OSM IS LOW****
```
38
What test is the most highly specific for SLE
Anti-smith antibodies
39
Painless progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, mostly in limbs neck and pharynx
Polymyositis
40
CREST
```
calcinosis cutis
raynauds phenomenon
Esophageal motility d/o
Sclerodactyly
Telangectasia
```
41
What is CREST indicative of?
Scleroderma
42
w/u scleroderma
Anti-centromere AB
| Anti-SCL-70 AB
43
Acute scleroderma management
DMARDs (methotrexate), Steroids
44
Philadelphia chromosome
CML - "philadelphia CreaM cheese"
45
Auer Rods
AML
46
Howell-Jolly bodies
SCD
47
Hep A + E
Vowels think Bowels
| Both are Fecal Oral for transmission
48
Hep B+D
Go together
| Have to have B in order to be affected by D
49
Hep C
Blood transfusions < 1992
50
diarrhea w/ dairy products, mayonnaise, meats, eggs
Staphylococcus
51
diarrhea w/ fried rice
Bacillus cereus
52
Diarrhea w/ contaminated food and water abroad
Vibrio cholera
53
"Travelers Diarrhea" from unpeeled fruit, and unsanitary drinking water
E Coli
54
T for E coli
FQ's
55
Diarrhea w/ abx tx
C. Diff
56
Tx for C. Diff
Metronidazole, vanco
57
Name the diarrheas without fecal leuks/blood
```
Staph
Bacillus Cereus
Vibrio cholerae
E coli
C. Diff
```
58
Name diarrheas w/ fever, blood, and fecal leuks
```
shigella
yersinia enterocolitica
salmonella
e. coli (enterohemorrhagic)
Camplyobacter enteritis (jejuni)
```
59
Fecal oral contaminant causing abd pain, tenesmus, explosive water diarrhea, with blood and mucus that can lead to febrile seizures in children
Shigella
60
Tx for shigella
Bactrim tx of choice
61
Diarrhea w/ pork, milk, water and tofu, sx can mimic appendicitis
Yersinia enterocolitica
62
Management of Yersinia
FQ's
63
Diarrhea worse in summer months. Poultry, exotic pets
Salmonella
64
Tx of Salmonella
FQ's and ceftriaxone 2 weeks if severe
65
Diarrhea in pt w/ undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk/apple cider, day care center, contaminated water
Enterohemorrhagic E coli
66
Camplyobacter jejuni
Mc bacterial enteritis in US MC antecedent in post-infectious GBX
67
DX of C. Jenuni
stool cx gram neg S or Seagull shaped organisms
68
Tx of C. Jejuni
Emycin, FQ's or doxy if sever
69
Tx for mastoiditis
IV ampicillin, cefuroxime
70
Vertigo's with no hearing loss
BPPV and Vestibular neuronitis
71
Vertigo with hearing loss
Labyrinthitis and Menieres
72
HBsAG
G=Got it
| Found throughout clinical illness
73
Anti-HBs
B=Beat it
| Signals the pt was either immunized OR has recovered from HBV
74
Anti-HBc
C=aCute
| Indicates and acute Hep B infection
75
HBeAg
E=lEvel
| Predicts level of Hep B infectivitiy
76
```
Normal CSF
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
```
OP: 5-20
Protein: 18-58
Glucose: 50-80
WBC: 0-5
77
```
Bacterial CSF
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
```
OP: high
Protein: very high (>200)
Glucose: Very low (<40)
WBC: Extremely high (100-100,000) >80% PMNS
78
Normal glucose in presence of high or even normal CSF OP think of?
Viral Meningitis
79
Very high WBC with very low Glucose in presence of high OP on CSF?
Bacterial meningitis
80
Predominant neutrophils on CSF point to?
Bacterial meningitis
81
MC Cause of Meningitis in 1mo-18yo
N. Meningitides (remember we vaccinate kids for this)
82
MC cause of meningitis in 18yo-50yo?
S. Pneumo (then N men.)
83
TX for bacterial meningitis for pts from 1mo-50yo
Ceftriaxone + Vanco
84
Rheumatic fever major criteria
```
Polyarthritis
Active carditis
Chorea
Subcutaneus nodules
Erythema Marginatum
```
85
Sx of heroin withdrawal
```
Yawning
rhinorrhea
lacrimation
mydriasis (opposite of while intoxicated)
vomiting
diarrhea
cramps
myalgia
arthralgia
irritability
```
86
Cocaine withdrawal
Doesn't really exist- more of a hangover
87
EKG findings for Angina
T wav inversions/ST depression or normal
88
EKG finding for STEMI
ST elevation >2mm in >2 contiguous leads w/ reciprocal cahange in opposite leads or new LBBB
89
Tx for Hep C:
Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin
90
Tx for Hep B:
Acute: supportive
Chronic: Alpha interferon 2b, lamivudine, adefovir
91
W's of infection post op
```
Wind
Water
Walking
Wound
Wonder about drugs
```
92
Wind
24-48h post op - Atelectasis
93
Water
Day 3-5 h post op - UTI, cathetar
94
Walking
Day 5-6 post op - DVT , or IV site
95
Wound
Day 5-7 post op - Check dressings and wound site
96
Wonder about drugs
Day 7+ post op - think about drug reactions
97
In a pt w/ SCD who is septic what abx should be administered?
Ceftriaxone IV
98
MRI of diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation indicative of what?
Alzheimers dz
99
change in vision to a yellowish blue tint is a side effect of what med?
Digoxin
100
Cough w/ hemoptysis, difuse bilateral rales, sodium of 142 mEq/L, a potassium of 4.3 mEq/L, a chloride of 110 mEq/L, a bicarbonate of 24 mEq/L, a BUN of 39 mg/dL, and a creatinine of 2.9 mg/dL. Urinalysis reveals microscopic hematuria and 4+ proteinuria.
Goodpasture's syndrome
| Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies are test of choice
101
MC pathogen for IVDA endocarditis
staph aureus
102
Tx for trigeminal neuralgia
Anticonvulsants (tegretol-Carbemazepine)
103
congenital hypothyroidism test of choice
T4 and thyrotropin
104
Side effect of tamoxifen
Endometrial changes
105
Wegners Dx test
ANCA
106
Anorgasmia is a side effect of what drug class
SSRI's
107
Normal pressure hydrocephalus on MRI
No Atrophy w/ ventricular dilation
108
SLE Dx test
Anti-smith antibodies
109
mononucleosis w/u (blood tests)
EBV titer
| Heterophile antibody test
110
Post surgical pt w/ undiagnosed Hypothyroidism who suddenly develops severe sx after surgery. What do we give her?
T4
111
What lab study is indicative of a oligoarticular juveline rheumatoid arthritis in a child?
ANA
112
EKG changes of dilated cardiomyopathy
low amplitude of QRS cmplexes
113
Pathogen most common in eye infection of a contact lens wearer
acanthamoeba
114
If you are considering a possible diagnosis of kidney, parenchyma, or ureter lesion what study should you do?
CT w/ IV contrast of the kidney ureters and bladder w/ cystoscopy
115
Status epilepticus tx.
```
BZD
IV fosphenytoin (or phenytoin)
```
116
OCD treatment
Fluvoxamine
