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PANCE study guide > Stuff I got wrong on qbank > Flashcards

Stuff I got wrong on qbank Flashcards

1
Q

Tx for Cdiff

A

First line Metronidazole

2nd line and for severe - Vanco

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2
Q

ACL tear MOA

A

non contact pivoting injury

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3
Q

PCL Tear MOA

A

“dashboard” injury

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4
Q

MCL Tear MOA

A

VaLgus stress

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5
Q

LCL Tear MOI

A

VaRus stress

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6
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome

A

hypopituitarism after delivery of baby d/t decreased perfusion w/ blood loss.

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7
Q

Tx for Sheehan’s syndrome

A

Hormone replacement

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8
Q

Schizophreniform disorder

A

Meets criteria for schizophrenia but <6mo

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9
Q

Schizoaffective disorder

A

Schizophrenia + mood disorder (MDD, bipolar)

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10
Q

schizophrenia

A

> 6mo of duration w/ 1 mo of acute sx w/ functional decline.

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11
Q

Positive sx of schizophrenia

A

Hallucinations
delusions
disorganized speech
movement d/o

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12
Q

What are the positive sx of schizophrenia caused by?

A

Excess dopamine receptors in the mesolimbic pathway

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13
Q

Negative sx of schizophrenia

A

Flat affect
social withdrawal
lack of emotional expression and communication
silent patients

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14
Q

What are the negative sx of schizophrenia caused by?

A

Dopamine dysruction in the mesocrtical pathway

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15
Q

DOC for schizophrenia

A

2nd gen antipsychotics
Clozapine
Risperidone
Olanzapine

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16
Q

Somatization d/o

A

Chronic condition in which pt has physical sx including >1part of the body but NO physical cause found

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17
Q

Conversion disorder

A

Neurologic loss of sensory or motor function

sx are not intentionally produced or feigned

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18
Q

Schizoid personality disorder

A

voluntary social withdrawal, anhedonic introversion, hermit like behavior

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19
Q

Schizotypal personality disorder

A

“magical thinking” strange eccentric behavior and peculiar thought patters but without psychosis

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20
Q

Prehn’s sign

A

Releif of pain w/ elevation of affected scrotum

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21
Q

What testicular disorders have a positive Prehn’s sign

A

Epididymitis and Orchiitis

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22
Q

MC cause of epidiymitis-orchitis in adult males <35yo

A

Chlamydia and N Gonorrhoeae

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23
Q

MC cause of epididymitis-orchitis in adult males >35

A

E coli, klebsiella

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24
Q

MC cause of epididymitis-orchitis in children

A

Mumps

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25
Q

MC cause of painless scrotal swelling

A

hydrocele

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26
Q

Difference between spermatocele and hydrocele

A

Spermatocele contains sperm
Hydorcele is just fluid
NOTHING ELSE

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27
Q

Apbrupt onset of scrotal, inguinal, or lower and pain +/- N/V. Negative Prehn’s sign.

A

Testicular torsion

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28
Q

Epidemiology of DKA pts

A

Younger w/ type I

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29
Q

Epidemiology of HHS pt’s

A

Older w/ type 2

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30
Q

Presenting sx of DKA

A

Type I DM, thirst, polyuria, nocturia, weakness, fatigue, confusion, fatigue, chest pain, abd pain, Fruity breath and Kussmaul respiration

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31
Q

Explain Kussmaul respiration

A

Deep continuous resperiation as lung tries to blow off more CO2 to reduce ademia

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32
Q

Plasma glucose of HHS

A

> 600

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33
Q

Plasma glucose of DKA

A

> 250

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34
Q

Critical fist step of HHS/DKA management

A

IV fluid

0.9%NS until hypotension/orthostasis resolved

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35
Q

What do we give all DKA/HHS patients regardless of their levels along with insulin

A

K,

Pt is always total body potassium deficient and correction of DKA will cause hypokalemia

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36
Q

What does SIADH do in the body?

A

either the pituitary or an ectopic source inappropriately increases ADH production. –> increased free water retention and impaired excretion –> hypovolemic hyponatremia

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37
Q

Labs for SIADH

A 
Serum osm LOW (<280)
NA LOW (<135)
Hypouricemia
BUN LOW (diluted)
Urine osm HIGH (>300)
***KEY IS THE URINE OSM IS HIGH WHILE THE SERUM OSM IS LOW****
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38
Q

What test is the most highly specific for SLE

A

Anti-smith antibodies

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39
Q

Painless progressive symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, mostly in limbs neck and pharynx

A

Polymyositis

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40
Q

CREST

A 
calcinosis cutis
raynauds phenomenon
Esophageal motility d/o
Sclerodactyly
Telangectasia
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41
Q

What is CREST indicative of?

A

Scleroderma

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42
Q

w/u scleroderma

A

Anti-centromere AB

Anti-SCL-70 AB

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43
Q

Acute scleroderma management

A

DMARDs (methotrexate), Steroids

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44
Q

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML - “philadelphia CreaM cheese”

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45
Q

Auer Rods

A

AML

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46
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A

SCD

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47
Q

Hep A + E

A

Vowels think Bowels

Both are Fecal Oral for transmission

48
Q

Hep B+D

A

Go together

Have to have B in order to be affected by D

49
Q

Hep C

A

Blood transfusions < 1992

50
Q

diarrhea w/ dairy products, mayonnaise, meats, eggs

A

Staphylococcus

51
Q

diarrhea w/ fried rice

A

Bacillus cereus

52
Q

Diarrhea w/ contaminated food and water abroad

A

Vibrio cholera

53
Q

“Travelers Diarrhea” from unpeeled fruit, and unsanitary drinking water

A

E Coli

54
Q

T for E coli

A

FQ’s

55
Q

Diarrhea w/ abx tx

A

C. Diff

56
Q

Tx for C. Diff

A

Metronidazole, vanco

57
Q

Name the diarrheas without fecal leuks/blood

A 
Staph
Bacillus Cereus
Vibrio cholerae
E coli
C. Diff
58
Q

Name diarrheas w/ fever, blood, and fecal leuks

A 
shigella
yersinia enterocolitica
salmonella
e. coli (enterohemorrhagic)
Camplyobacter enteritis (jejuni)
59
Q

Fecal oral contaminant causing abd pain, tenesmus, explosive water diarrhea, with blood and mucus that can lead to febrile seizures in children

A

Shigella

60
Q

Tx for shigella

A

Bactrim tx of choice

61
Q

Diarrhea w/ pork, milk, water and tofu, sx can mimic appendicitis

A

Yersinia enterocolitica

62
Q

Management of Yersinia

A

FQ’s

63
Q

Diarrhea worse in summer months. Poultry, exotic pets

A

Salmonella

64
Q

Tx of Salmonella

A

FQ’s and ceftriaxone 2 weeks if severe

65
Q

Diarrhea in pt w/ undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk/apple cider, day care center, contaminated water

A

Enterohemorrhagic E coli

66
Q

Camplyobacter jejuni

A

Mc bacterial enteritis in US MC antecedent in post-infectious GBX

67
Q

DX of C. Jenuni

A

stool cx gram neg S or Seagull shaped organisms

68
Q

Tx of C. Jejuni

A

Emycin, FQ’s or doxy if sever

69
Q

Tx for mastoiditis

A

IV ampicillin, cefuroxime

70
Q

Vertigo’s with no hearing loss

A

BPPV and Vestibular neuronitis

71
Q

Vertigo with hearing loss

A

Labyrinthitis and Menieres

72
Q

HBsAG

A

G=Got it

Found throughout clinical illness

73
Q

Anti-HBs

A

B=Beat it

Signals the pt was either immunized OR has recovered from HBV

74
Q

Anti-HBc

A

C=aCute

Indicates and acute Hep B infection

75
Q

HBeAg

A

E=lEvel

Predicts level of Hep B infectivitiy

76
Q 
Normal CSF
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
A

OP: 5-20
Protein: 18-58
Glucose: 50-80
WBC: 0-5

77
Q 
Bacterial CSF
Opening pressure
Protein
Glucose
WBC
A

OP: high
Protein: very high (>200)
Glucose: Very low (<40)
WBC: Extremely high (100-100,000) >80% PMNS

78
Q

Normal glucose in presence of high or even normal CSF OP think of?

A

Viral Meningitis

79
Q

Very high WBC with very low Glucose in presence of high OP on CSF?

A

Bacterial meningitis

80
Q

Predominant neutrophils on CSF point to?

A

Bacterial meningitis

81
Q

MC Cause of Meningitis in 1mo-18yo

A

N. Meningitides (remember we vaccinate kids for this)

82
Q

MC cause of meningitis in 18yo-50yo?

A

S. Pneumo (then N men.)

83
Q

TX for bacterial meningitis for pts from 1mo-50yo

A

Ceftriaxone + Vanco

84
Q

Rheumatic fever major criteria

A 
Polyarthritis
Active carditis
Chorea
Subcutaneus nodules
Erythema Marginatum
85
Q

Sx of heroin withdrawal

A 
Yawning
rhinorrhea
lacrimation
mydriasis (opposite of while intoxicated)
vomiting 
diarrhea
cramps
myalgia
arthralgia
irritability
86
Q

Cocaine withdrawal

A

Doesn’t really exist- more of a hangover

87
Q

EKG findings for Angina

A

T wav inversions/ST depression or normal

88
Q

EKG finding for STEMI

A

ST elevation >2mm in >2 contiguous leads w/ reciprocal cahange in opposite leads or new LBBB

89
Q

Tx for Hep C:

A

Pegylated interferon and Ribavirin

90
Q

Tx for Hep B:

A

Acute: supportive
Chronic: Alpha interferon 2b, lamivudine, adefovir

91
Q

W’s of infection post op

A 
Wind
Water
Walking
Wound
Wonder about drugs
92
Q

Wind

A

24-48h post op - Atelectasis

93
Q

Water

A

Day 3-5 h post op - UTI, cathetar

94
Q

Walking

A

Day 5-6 post op - DVT , or IV site

95
Q

Wound

A

Day 5-7 post op - Check dressings and wound site

96
Q

Wonder about drugs

A

Day 7+ post op - think about drug reactions

97
Q

In a pt w/ SCD who is septic what abx should be administered?

A

Ceftriaxone IV

98
Q

MRI of diffuse cortical atrophy and ventricular dilation indicative of what?

A

Alzheimers dz

99
Q

change in vision to a yellowish blue tint is a side effect of what med?

A

Digoxin

100
Q

Cough w/ hemoptysis, difuse bilateral rales, sodium of 142 mEq/L, a potassium of 4.3 mEq/L, a chloride of 110 mEq/L, a bicarbonate of 24 mEq/L, a BUN of 39 mg/dL, and a creatinine of 2.9 mg/dL. Urinalysis reveals microscopic hematuria and 4+ proteinuria.

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies are test of choice

101
Q

MC pathogen for IVDA endocarditis

A

staph aureus

102
Q

Tx for trigeminal neuralgia

A

Anticonvulsants (tegretol-Carbemazepine)

103
Q

congenital hypothyroidism test of choice

A

T4 and thyrotropin

104
Q

Side effect of tamoxifen

A

Endometrial changes

105
Q

Wegners Dx test

A

ANCA

106
Q

Anorgasmia is a side effect of what drug class

A

SSRI’s

107
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus on MRI

A

No Atrophy w/ ventricular dilation

108
Q

SLE Dx test

A

Anti-smith antibodies

109
Q

mononucleosis w/u (blood tests)

A

EBV titer

Heterophile antibody test

110
Q

Post surgical pt w/ undiagnosed Hypothyroidism who suddenly develops severe sx after surgery. What do we give her?

A

T4

111
Q

What lab study is indicative of a oligoarticular juveline rheumatoid arthritis in a child?

A

ANA

112
Q

EKG changes of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

low amplitude of QRS cmplexes

113
Q

Pathogen most common in eye infection of a contact lens wearer

A

acanthamoeba

114
Q

If you are considering a possible diagnosis of kidney, parenchyma, or ureter lesion what study should you do?

A

CT w/ IV contrast of the kidney ureters and bladder w/ cystoscopy

115
Q

Status epilepticus tx.

A 
BZD
IV fosphenytoin (or phenytoin)
116
Q

OCD treatment

A

Fluvoxamine

PANCE study guide (14 decks)

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