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PANCE study guide > GU > Flashcards

GU Flashcards

1
Q

etiologies of primary nephrotic syndrome

A

Min change dz FSGS membranous

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2
Q

etiologies of secondary nephrotic syndrome

A

DM (mc overall cause in adults) SLE amyloidosis

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3
Q

PE sg/sx of nephrotic syndrome

A

Edema, worse in the morning. In children periorbital edema. Anemia DVT

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4
Q

dx of nephrotic syndrome

A

24hr uring protein of >3.5 is gold standard oval fat bodies, or maltese cross shaped on urinalysis renal bx differentates type

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5
Q

Define nephrotic syndrome

A

Proteinurina, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema Glomerular damage cases large tubular protein loss into the urine

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6
Q

Maltese cross makes you think of

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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7
Q

Minimal change dz and FSGS tx

A

Steroids

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8
Q

AGN etiologies

A

IGA nephropathy (Berger dz) Postinfectious AGN Membrano proliveraitive GN

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9
Q

When does postinfectious AGN occur?

A

After GABHS

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10
Q

Classic sx of 2-14 yo boy w/ puffy eyelids and facial edema up to 3 weeks after strep with cola-colored urine

A

Post infectious GN

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11
Q

HTN hematuria , dependent edema and azotemia, oliguria are the hallmarks of which GU d/o

A

AGN

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12
Q

RBC casts make you think of?

A

AGN

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13
Q

Muddy brown or epithelial cell casts

A

ATN

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14
Q

White blood cell casts, pyuria

A

AIN or pyelo

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15
Q

Waxy casts

A

Chronic ATN or end stage renal dz

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16
Q

Fatty casts (maltese crosses/oval fat bodies)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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17
Q

Hyaline casts

A

Nonsepc.

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18
Q

lab indications of AKI

A

Inc Serum creat >50%, OR BUN

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19
Q

What are the three types of AKI?

A

Pre-renal Post-renal Intrinsic

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20
Q

Prerenal AKI is the result of what?

A

Reduced renal perfusion

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21
Q

Post renal AKI is result of what?

A

Obstruction of urine (stone)

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22
Q

what is the most common type of kidney stone?

A

Calcium

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23
Q

What is the most specific imaging modality for kidney stones?

A

CT

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24
Q

A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on it’s own?

A

5mm

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25
Q

List 3 possible treatments for stress incontinence in women

A

Kegels estrogen tx surgical tx w/ ureteral sling

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26
Q

65 yo male presents with frequency. On DRE you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely dx

A

BPH

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27
Q

PSA above what level is concerning

A

>4.0

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28
Q

2 major rf’s for ED

A

DM HTN

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29
Q

rf for bladder ca

A

Smoking

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30
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Foreskin is retracted and cannot be reduced

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31
Q

Which is an emergency phimosis or paraphimosis

A

Paraphimosis

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32
Q

What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing curvature of the erect penis

A

Peyronie’s dz

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33
Q

Bot desticles should be descended by what age?

A

3mo

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34
Q

Bag of worms on exam

A

Varicocele

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35
Q

Fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what?

A

hydrocele

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36
Q

Does spermatiacele transilluminate

A

yes

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37
Q

What is 1st line tx for varicocele

A

Watchful waiting unless there is a question of fertility

38
Q

name the sign which is defined as dec pain w/ scrotal elevation

A

Prehn’s sign

39
Q

Maltese cross in urine

A

Nephrotic syndrome

40
Q

What is imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder ca

A

cystoscopy w/ bx

41
Q

What is the most likely dx for a free floating painless, cystic mass found post and superior to testes?

A

spermatocele

42
Q

Whta age ragne is assoc. with test torsion

A

10-20yo

43
Q

Where is the epididymis found?

A

posterior upper pole

44
Q

What is the best imaging to r/o test. torsion

A

Doppler US

45
Q

What are 2 most common causes of epididymitis

A

N. Gonorrhea and Chlamydia

46
Q

What meds are prescribed in order to help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetic pts

A

Acei or ARB

47
Q

Whill epididymitis feel better w/ scrotal elevatio

A

yes

48
Q

What is the normal level of sodium bicarb

A

24mEq/liter

49
Q

What is the tx for epididymitis

A

Ceftriaxone and doxycycline

50
Q

What is first line abx tx for cyctitis

A

Bactrim

51
Q

What is most common organsim that causes a bladder infection

A

E. coli

52
Q

Tenderness at the CVA shopuld make you think of what?

A

pyelonephritis

53
Q

What is the condition where the urethral meatus is not at the tip of the penis

A

hypospadias or epispadias (hypo more common)

54
Q

What is the most common org responsibble for prostatitis

A

E coli

55
Q

What is the first line abx for prostatitis

A

Bactrim 4-6wks

56
Q

RF for prostate ca

A

Age AA + fam hx High fat diet

57
Q

DRE of pt w/ prostate ca

A

Enlarged prostate, nodules w/in prostate

58
Q

Define priapism

A

painful persistent erection

59
Q

Prostate bx consists of how many samples

A

6-12

60
Q

Painless hematuria should make you think of what?

A

Bladder CA

61
Q

What is the most common bladder ca?

A

transitional cell

62
Q

define phimosis

A

foreskin can’t be retracted

63
Q

How do you tx urethritis

A

ceftriaxone and doxy

64
Q

3 year old boy presents w/ hematuria and painless palpable abd mass

A

wilms tumor

65
Q

3 causes of prerenal renal failure

A

CHF Dehydration Hemorrhage

66
Q

MC cause of postrenal failure

A

BPH (outflow obstruction

67
Q

Muddy brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what?

A

ATN

68
Q

Tea colored urine w/ red cell casts should make you think of what

A

Glomerulonephritis

69
Q

What are the two most common predisposing fx in development of CRF

A

HTN and DM

70
Q

Spongey prostate on DRE

A

Prostatits

71
Q

Serum potassium would be elevated or dec in renal failure

A

elevated

72
Q

Uprotein of >3.5g

A

Nephrotic syndrom

73
Q

What hereditary pattern does polycistic kidney dz follow?

A

AD

74
Q

ABG pH

A

7.35-7.45

75
Q

What is the most accuarate way to dx urethritis

A

Urine PCR

76
Q

What is considered normal PCO2

A

40mmHg

77
Q

ABG shows a pH of 7.2 a bicarb of 25 and PCO2 of 50 is this respiratory or metabilic acidosis

A

Resp - CO2 is elevated

78
Q

WBC casts should make you thnk of what dx

A

Pyelonephritis

79
Q

PRiamry site for prostate ca

A

Peripheral zone

80
Q
A
81
Q

Tx for BPH

A

Alpha blockers 5 reductase inhibitors Surgery (TURP)

82
Q

which BPH med provides sx relief but does not improve the clinical course

A

a1 blockers

83
Q

Which BPH med provides improvement of the clinical course but no immediate sx improvement

A

5a reductase inhibitors

84
Q

What medications should be avoided in pt’s with BPH

A

anticholinergics and antihistamines

85
Q

chryptorchidism

A

undescended testicle

86
Q

What are people with Cryptorchidism more at risk for?

A

testicular cancer

87
Q

at what age is orhciopexy recommended for cryptorchidism?

A

6mos (and before 1 year)

88
Q

Most cryptorchidisms resolve by what age?

A

3mos

89
Q

What mechanism of action provides relief in pt’s with ED

A

PDe5 inhibitors inc NO levels and cGMP

90
Q

Who should not use PDE5i?

A

pt’s who use nitrates or patients w/ cardiovascular dz

PANCE study guide (14 decks)

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