Stuff

Question 1

EGF and TGF alpha

Answer 1

made by keratinocytes, macrophages, inflammatory cells
mitogenic for hepatocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells
HER2 overexpressed

Question 2

HGF

Answer 2

made by fibroblasts, CT cells, non-parenchymal liver cells
mitogenic for hepatocytes and epithelial cells
receptor MET overexpressed in tumors (renal & thyroid papillary carcinomas)

Question 3

PDGF

Answer 3

made by macrophages, endothelial cells, SM cells, tumor cells
migration of fibroblasts, SM, monocytes to areas of wound healing

Question 4

VEGF

Answer 4

vascular dilation, increased vascular permeability stimulated by hypoxia

Question 5

Platelet dense granules?

Answer 5

histamine
serotonin
epinephrine
Ca
ADP, ATP

Question 6

Platelet alpha granules?

Answer 6

fibrinogen, fibronectin, factors 5, 8, platelet factor 4 , PGDF, TGF-Beta

Question 7

CML

Answer 7

t(9:22) ABL

Question 8

Burkitt’s Lymphoma

Answer 8

t(8:14) c-MYC

Question 9

Rb

Answer 9

-13

Question 10

Wilms’ Tumor

Answer 10

-11

Question 11

Neuroblastoma gene amplification

Answer 11

N-myc

Question 12

BRAF

Answer 12

malignant melanoma

Question 13

Epithelial Markers

Answer 13

CEA, keratin, EMA

Question 14

Mesenchymal Markers

Answer 14

vimentin, desmin

Question 15

Nerve, Neuroendocrine Markers

Answer 15

NSE, chromogranins

Question 16

Prostate Cancer

Answer 16

PSA, PAP

Question 17

Lymphomas

Answer 17

LCA, B and T cell markers

Question 18

Endocrine tumors

Answer 18

various hormones

Question 19

CEA

Answer 19

colorectal, pancreatic, liver, gastric cancers

Question 20

AFP

Answer 20

liver and germ cell tumor of testis

Question 21

HCG

Answer 21

chorionic carcinoma, germ cell tumors

Question 22

GFAP

Answer 22

neuroglia

Question 23

S-100

Answer 23

breast

Question 24

CA 19-9

Answer 24

colon, pancreas

Question 25

CA 15-3

Answer 25

breast

Question 26

CA-125

Answer 26

ovarian

Question 27

Metastasis to bone?

Answer 27

prostate, lung, breast, thyroid, kidney

Question 28

metasisis to brain?

Answer 28

lung, breast, kidney

Question 29

which invade veins?

Answer 29

RCC, hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 30

myasthenia

Answer 30

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 31

neuropathies

Answer 31

breast carcinoma, small cell carcinoma

Question 32

Bradykinin?

Answer 32

vasodilation, increased vascular perm, pain

Question 33

Kallikrein

Answer 33

increased chemotaxis, plasmin generation, increae inflammation

Question 34

Thrombin

Answer 34

thrombin binds to protease-activated receptors
increases inflammatory response:
1. increase endothelial adhesion molecules
2. make cytokines - PAF, NO
3. make PGs

Question 35

plasmin

Answer 35

increases inflammatory response by
cleaving c3
activating hageman factor

Question 36

endothelial cells

Answer 36

endothelin: prolonged vasoconstriction

NO, PGI2: inhibits platelet aggregation, vasodilation