Stuff Flashcards
1st attempts to classify life(scala naturae)
Aristotle
Believed in Theory of forms-permanent, changing
Plato
What classification is a group that contains the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and all of its descendants in a cladogram?
Monophyly grouping
What classification contains the most recent common ancestor of all members of the group and some but not all of its descendants in a cladogram?
Paraphyly group
The process through which new species are produced
Speciation
A collection of criteria used to identify species
Species concept
Process that prevent zygote formation (fertilization)
Pre-mating isolation
Process that prevent offspring development or reproduction
Post-mating isolation
Pre-mating isolation examples:
Ecological isolation (individuals don't meet) Behavioral isolation (individuals respond to environmental stimuli differently) Mechanical isolation (parts don't fit)
Post-mating isolation examples:
Zygotic mortality (zygote dies after fertilization) Hybrid mortality (hybrids don't reach reproductive age) Hybrid sterility (hybrids are sterile and cannot reproduce)
Introduced the scala naturae. One of the first people to attempt to classify life
Aristotle
System designed by Linnaeus for naming species
Binomial nomenclature
Changes acquired over an organism’s lifetime can be transmitted to offspring
Inheritance of acquired characteristics
What are the five observations made for natural selection?
High reproductive potential
Natural populations remain relatively constant in size
Resources are limited in nature
Considerable variation within populations
Some variation is heritable
Who studied variation in pea plants and published a paper in 1865 on his theory of particulate inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
What is the theory of particulate inheritance?
Particles can pass unaltered from generation to generation. Remember variation is the raw material of evolution.
What are the two major divisions of life?
Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
What is unicellular, has no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles, small, and the DNA is in the nucleoid region?
Promaryotes
What has DNA in the nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, unicellular or multicellular and arose through endosymbiosis?
Eukaryotes
What happens in endosymbiosis?
A prokaryote engulfed another prokaryote, when this happens they a the not digested but instead incorporated an d became organelles.
Anterior sensory organ concentration
Cephalization
What has no cell wall, at least one motile stage in life cycle, locomotion can be flagella, cilia, or pseudopodia, nutrition and digestion by phagocytosis, homeostasis is obtained by excretion and osmoreregulation?
Protozoa
Define symbiotic
An intimate relationship between two different species
What kind of symbiotic relationship is mutualism?
Both benefit
What kind of symbiotic relationship is commensalism?
One benefits and the other has no effect
What symbiotic relationship is parasitism?
One benefits and the other is harmed
Define pseudopodia
Internal fluid movement and hydraulic pressure
What generates its own energy via photosynthesis?
Autotrophs
What obtains food from outside sources?
Heterotrophs
What kind of solution has more ions and less water?
Hypertonic
What solution has equal amounts of ions and water?
Isotonic
What kind of solution has has fewer ions than water?
Hypotonic
What is budding?
A reproduction of an offspring of a parent that just “buds” off.
What is it called when the cell nuclei elongate and divides, then along with cytoplasm are secreted into an out pocket of plasma membrane that is eventually pinched off forming a daughter cell of equal size to the parent cell?
Binary fission
