Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Environmental Health > Study Types > Flashcards

Study Types Flashcards

1
Q

IH Mantra

A

anticipate
recognize
evaluate
control/mitigate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

environmental justice: how to do it

A

-listen to community and investigate their concerns. but also make them understand you still have to do science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

working with communities

A
  • MUST negotiate

- Educate the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

impediments to achieving environmental equity in community

A

language

desires/comfort of field team (to fix: send in pairs, make sure 1 speaks the language)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CBPR

A

Community Based Participatory Research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

considerations for Community Aid

A

environmental justice!
Community concerns
differences in power?
Impediments?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is CBPR

A

research done WITH (not TO) the community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Principles of CBPR

A
  • the community (unit of identity)
  • build on strengths and resources within the community
  • facillitate collab, equitable involvement of AL parterns in phases of reasearch (pay community memebers to help)
  • Integrae knowledge and mutual benefits for all partners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

More principles of CBPR

A
  • co-learning and empowering=change social inequalities
  • make it a cyclical, iteraative process
  • address health from positive and negative (ecological) perspective
  • report findings to ALL partners
  • long term commitment by all partners
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

another study type (other than CBPR)

A

PPS: Population Proportional to Size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PPS

A 
Proportional to Size
NOT exclusively community based
more scientific
apply state wide (or further)
NHEXAS, NHANES
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does NHANES do

A

changes clothing sizes based on sizes of americans
National Health and Nutrtrition E Survey

nation wide done by the CDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NHEXAS

A

sampled every county in AZ for metals, pesticides, VOCS, etc…. multimedia, multipathway

used random Census tracs…can throw out and replace if you have rules before hand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Nogales Water Study

A

find notes on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Children’s Exposure to Pesticide

A

find notes on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Yavapai Water

A

find notes on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NHEXAS

A

find notes on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NHEXAS/ABS Food

A

find notes on this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

tools for community studies

A 
Epi
HBHP (community input)
Data Collection (micro, chm)
Biostat analysis
Health/community Ed. Program
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Enivronmental Health exs

A

Energy/climage: nrg, carbon footprint
Water/climate
Green Areas (Native plants)
Pollution Reduction Waste Management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Built Environment

A

Historic Preservation (sense of place)
Insfrastructure/cost
Redevelopment (housing)
Land use/Transportation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Study Types (epi)

A 
case series
cross sectional 
ecological 
case control 
Population proportional to size
cohort
case cross-over
23
Q

Vision of NEXHAS?

A

select representative pop. and get measurements needed to get total exposure assessment. enhance quality of policy formation

24
Q

Goal of NEXHAS

A

define high end (upper 10th percentile) of multimedia, multipathway exposure distribution for the pop

25
Q

ID and understand these components of CBPR

A
  • community ID’d problem
  • Community expertise in design/recruitment
  • Implementation
  • Interpretation of data
  • development of resolution strategy
  • implementation strategy
26
Q

where did the money go for the study she talked about conducted by UA?

A
  • UA
  • community
  • personelle doing things
  • the lab
27
Q

NEXHAS…what did the upper 10th percentile show?

A

thats the people who have a really high exposure to metals, VOCs, and pesticides
in AZ

28
Q

NEXHAS planning

A
  • study multimedia/exposures in every county in AZ
  • Had to randomize all of the census tracts (selected 50 of like 12 grand)…ended up being representative
  • needed 75% response rate…have to respect people’s right to say no
29
Q

can you throw out census tracts?

A

NEXHAS did if there was 1 person or less on a certain amount of land

had to throw out tribal lands too because the tribes didnt want them there

if someone says no… you have to find a similar family in the same geographic area

30
Q

is the census always right?

A

its only done every 10 years… people may live in places that were not developed when the last census happened

31
Q

primary sampling NEXHAS

A

total random samples of units in Arizona

started with every county in Arizona, randomized the 12,000 census tracts and selected 50

32
Q

secondary sampling NEXHAS

A

census block GROUPS
blocks of houses in community
chose blocks

33
Q

tertiary sampling NEXHAS

A

randomize houses in census BLOCK, select 5, then just 3 of those

34
Q

county missed by NEXHAS

A

La Paz… it wasn’t a county when they started…Yuma County split into it too

Parker…its on a reservation

35
Q

65% of land in AZ

A

either not developed or reservation land

36
Q

county missed by AZ border survey?

A

Pima… you could only sample super close to the border, but there were either national parks here or reservation land, so they couldnt get anyone from pima county

37
Q

NHEXAS demographics

A

41% hispanics in AZ…census said only 20% (now they say 36%)

38
Q

Representativeness of NEXHAS: Age

A

20% pop between 6-17…good with census

PEOPLE UNDER 6 NOT REPRESENTED IN THIS SURVEY!

39
Q

Representativeness of NEXHAS: household vs. indiv level

A

totally representative at household level

NOT at indiv level

40
Q

Representativeness of NEXHAS: ex of Hispanic men

A

The men were not cool with their blood being taken… worried they’d be caught with an STD
75% female in border study, only 25% male bc they wouldnt do blood

41
Q

participation in studies

A

Everyone has opportunity to participate
Everyone has right NOT to participate

have to do sampled people analysis since you dont get what you want

42
Q

How NEXHAS study worked

A

scientists were in the homes for a week

collected stuff from people acting normally

43
Q

samples collected in NEXHAS study

A 
8hrs of questionairs
diet diary
food/beverage samples 
duplicate diets 
biomarkers from blood and feces 
air samples 
particulate matter
soil
floor dust
44
Q

NEXHAS Stage 1

A

baseline questionairre

45
Q

NEXHAS Stage 2

A

questionairre, food/activity diaries, screening data and samples

46
Q

NEXHAS Stage 3

A 
intesnive environmental sampling
biomarkers 
duplicate diets 
water
questionairres
47
Q

what is most urbanized state in the country?

A

ARIZONA

most people live in PHX, TUC, FLAG, Prescott, Yuma

48
Q

NEXHAS results

A

% of HOUSES that have DETECTABLE level (anything bellow detection value is a “0”)

49
Q

high end of CONC of arsenic… what was the biggest issue?

A

FOOD

50
Q

body’s uptake of arsenic…wort media?

A

AIR…food problem is metabolized by liver, so it doesnt do as much damage as air does

51
Q

mining vs. non-mining towns: Arsenic NEXHAS

A

people in non mining towns had 33 micrograms per day

in mining towns: 70 micrograms

52
Q

community as a limit

A

community must be willing in order to get a representaive sample

53
Q

single media studies pros and cons

A

P: address specific issue
C: fail to reflect accurate exposure and link to health outcomes

54
Q

accuracy, complexity, and expenditure of study are…

A

LINKED

Environmental Health (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions