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Environmental Health > Injury > Flashcards

Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Injury vs. Accident

A

I: PREVENTABLE
A: implies that it can’t be prevented… we don’t use this word

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2
Q

Injury:

A

physical damage due to exposure to an energy agent or lost of an essential agent (usually oxygen-suffocation/drowning)

Kenetic
Mechanical 
Thermal
Chem
Radiation 
Electrical
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3
Q

Intentional vs. Unintentional nrg

A

Intentional: suicide, homicide, assult

Unintentional: Car crash, alls

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4
Q

Kinetic nrg

A

motor vehicles, bullets

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5
Q

potential nrg

A

fals

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6
Q

mechanical nrg

A

dog bite, chain saw injury

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7
Q

chemical nrg

A

poisoning

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8
Q

lack of oxygen

A

suffocation, drowning, sewage workers

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9
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

If injury occurs in work activity/training

A

YES

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10
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

If you’re on break?

A

YES…unless you’re eating, applying cosmetics

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11
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

If you’re in the parking lot?

A

yes! if youre going to/leaving work

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12
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

Engaged in recreational activity for personal enjoyment (company picnic)

A

NO

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13
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

if you’re just a visitor

A

NO

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14
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

If you’re commuting to work?

A

NO

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15
Q

NIOSH…isinjurywork related?

if your job is a “homemaker”

A

no… not a real job

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16
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

if you’re driving FOR work

A

YES

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17
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

If you’re working for pay at home

A

yes

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18
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

Working in family profit-oriented buisness

A

yes

if family members are EMPLOYED… farmers make sure all family is employed

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19
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

traveling t/from customer for buisness contract

A

Yes

20
Q

commuting

A

no

21
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

using company vehicle not for work

A

no

fired

22
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

work is motor vehicle

A

yes

23
Q

NIOSH…is injury work related?

student engaged in school activities?

A

only if you work for school

24
Q

An injury is work related IF

A
  • Person injured while engaged in work activity

- injury occurs to worker at work location…even if on break!!!

25
Q

Leading CODs in US

A 
#1: Heart disease
#2 Cancer
#3 Stroke
#4 UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES ...leading in people under 24
26
Q

deaths and disabilities due to injjury

A

90K deaths a year
19M disabling injuries a year
Firearm deaths on the rise hugely

27
Q

what do we need to consider a public health issue?

A

car crashes

28
Q

cost estimate per year due to injuries

A

$400 billion per year

direct medical costs for ex

29
Q

Injury Direct costs

A

$51 billion for ALL injuries in 1992

$55 billion in 20122 JUST FOR THE TOP 10

30
Q

Industrial death rates per 100K people

A 
30% Ag and logging
18% mining
15% transportation, warehousing
10% construction
2.5% manufacturing
2.6% Other Services
31
Q

SEE PAGE 369

A

SEE PAGE 369

32
Q

Heinrich’s Domino Theory (1931)

A

Change the behavior, but blame the worker

for each major reported injury: 29 minor, 300 incidents with no injury

unsafe acts by worker account for 90%

injuries usually caused by a single event

33
Q

Energy Exchange Concept:

A 
Dehaven (1942) and Gibson (1961)
control nrg transfer, engineering control
five basic nrg forms
-mechanical/kinetic
-chemical 
-thermal
-electrical 
-radiation
34
Q

Community Injuries: Car Crashes

A

33,000 deaths/year
death per 1M miles has dropped due to engineering changes
2M bad injuries per year (.5 of all brain damages)
Costs about 99Bill a year

35
Q

Car Crashes…what is the exposure?

A

whenever you get into a vehicle

this the the DENOMINATOR

36
Q

Why have the trends in vehicle crashes changed?

A

increased with increase of # of cars
people died from being thrown from vehicles
60’s: seat belt and replace metal with plastic

37
Q

Control Strategies

A 
Safety rating systems for cars
Ergonomics: design and system layout
Protection of occupants:airbags
Control to allow for human error: antilock breaks, stability control
Better emergency treatment: jaws of life
38
Q

important things to remember with cars…

A

MASS of vehicle… whoever is in the lighter car is in more trouble :(

39
Q

Injuries of children

A 
#1 COD is trauma (all under 24)
44% of trauma deaths occur in 1-14 yr olds

we spend on childhood disease…but not childhood injury

lack of data and control strategies

40
Q

Fires

A

More smoke alarms and firefighters… death rate from fires 1.5-3X higher than other countires

41
Q

why is our fire death rate higher

A

we don’t make sure that our fire detectors work

we have improved fire codes…but that only applies to new buildings

42
Q

Residential Fires

A 
85% all fire deaths in US
66% of fire related injuries 
50% property loss
leading causes: cooking and bad heating systems
Leading cause of fire deaths: smoking!
43
Q

Leading cause of fire

A

ARSON

44
Q

three major risk factors associated with fire deaths

A
  • poverty: older houses, no batteries in fire alarms
  • cigarettes
  • alcohol
45
Q

injury rates in workers…

A

120 mill workers…usually females, usually older

LESS manufacturing, more services… so we have more high tech and toxicity injuries

46
Q

10 leading injuries in the workplace

A 
#1 Over exertion 
#2 slipping/tripping
#3 Falling from Heights 
#4 Reaction Injuries 
#5 Falling Object injuries 
#6 "Walking into" injuries
#7 Vehcile Accidents
#8 Machiene Entanglement
#9 Repetitive motion 
#10 on the job VIOLENCE
47
Q

injury rate in workplace…

A

more people working, more injuries

rate may not change

Environmental Health (6 decks)

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