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Environmental Health > Radiation > Flashcards

Radiation Flashcards

1
Q

“down winders”

A

from bomb testing sites

4 corners area

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2
Q

case studies of radiation

A

down winders
Fukushima
cheronoble
3 Mile Island

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3
Q

what is radiation

A

electrons moving

nrg traveling through space

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4
Q

radioactivity

A

spontaneous emmision of radiation from the nucleus of an unstable atom. remaining partcile may or may not become radioactive.

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5
Q

isotope

A

some element with a different number of nuetrons

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6
Q

nucleide

A

charged particle

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7
Q

radioisitopes

A

charged particles, used in medicine

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8
Q

measuring radation

A

there are many ways to express amount of radiation exposure

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9
Q

what is the amount of radiation you CAN be exposed to/

A

5 rems per year

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10
Q

what is the greatest personal exposure to radiation

A

solar radiation

medical radiation

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11
Q

Cheronoble defined

A

they screwed up, there was a melt down, didnt tell anyone

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12
Q

how much (%) of radiation is background radation

A

82% (360 mrems

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13
Q

breakdown of manmade radiation (18% of total)

A 
58% medical
21% medicine
16% consumer products (microwaves, cell phones, etc)
2% occupational
2% fallout 
1% nuclear fuel cycle
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14
Q

what kind of problem is Radiation??

A

physical agent

rather than bio or chem

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15
Q

non-ionizing radiation

A

electrical ions are accelerated, but not enough to change atom structure

less bad for you

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16
Q

sources of non-ionizing radiation

A

microwaves
tanning beds
radio/TV (FM more than AM)
Power lines

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17
Q

ionizing radiation

A

release of particles from atoms

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18
Q

ionizing radiation sources

A

x-rays

gamma rays

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19
Q

particles released due to ionizing radiation

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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20
Q

alpha particles

A

nucleus emits an alpha partcile (2 protons, 2 neutrons)
pop out of atoms…BIG particle (no electrons lost)

dont go far
stopped by piece of paper

21
Q

beta particles

A

an ELECTRON is thrown out of the atom…TINY

stopped by metal/plexiglass

CAN GET THROUGH SKIN

22
Q

gamma particles

A

release of an alpha/beta particle AND energy

Can go through CONCRETE!

23
Q

how are we commonly exposed to alpha particles

A

DIET

falls on crop, ends up in food chain

24
Q

Radioactive half life

A

time it takes for half of radionucleide to decay

25
Q
  • How to protect from radation
A

SHIELDING (lead vest @ dentist)
DISTANCE (from source…need for ionizing only)
TIME (limit time you’re around the risk)

26
Q

exposure to ionizing radiation

A

internal: eaten or inhaled
External: X-rays, cosmic rays, gamma rays

27
Q

half life examples:

A 
Uranium: 4.47 BILLION yrs
Potassium: 1.27 million
Carbon 14 years 6000 yrs
Cs: 30 years 
I: 8 days... 3 months to clear from body
used for dating 'n stuff
28
Q

half life problems

A

its not safe there for nearly the half life…only 10,000 years.

there are still billions of years left for things like uranium

29
Q

Cherenoble protection from radiation

A

time: rotated workers
Shielding: concrete

30
Q

going home after surgery with radiation

A

in hospital: urine dealt with as radioactive

at home: still radioactive, but treated as normal waste

31
Q

what do you NEED radiation protective measures for

A

IONIZING

dont HAVE to have for non-ionizing, its much less powerful

32
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

LOOK AT THE CHART

ionizing: short wavelengths, MORE NRG

NON-ionizing: longer wavelength, less NRG

33
Q

Ultraviolet Radiation

A

Sunlight
LASERS
non-ionizing

34
Q

lasers

A

non-ionizing
tissue injury
focused form of energy, can cause DAMAGE, esp. to EYES

35
Q

sunlight and limes

A

limes have a chemical than increase the effects of sunlight ionizing

bartenders most succeptible to this

36
Q

LASER stands for

A

Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

coherent light in a single, intense beam
can travel long Distances

wavelengths: X-rays, UV, visible, IR, microwave

37
Q

non-ionizing radiation

A

not really a cause of health effects

38
Q

other types of non-ionizing radiation

A
  • radio-frequency electronmagnetic fields (AM, FM, cell phone…science says no bad health effects…yet)
  • ELF (extremely low frequency and Magnetic Fields
39
Q

Solar panels

A

you collect solar radiation and use it as nrg…they are making small fields of solar radiation

MAY be a problem when the fields get bigger…we dont know for sure yet… but it seems ok now

40
Q

ionizing radation and heal effects flow chart

A
  • Radiation dose (to treat cancer)
  • Ionization
  • Biochemical Change
  • DNA damage–> CELL death (want to kill off tumor) OR Cell transformation (more cancer…)
41
Q

radiation exposure pathways

A
  • inhalation
  • ingestion (food, water)
  • dermal

air, water food

can get into rain particles, onto plates, into plants, into meat

42
Q

REVIEW COMMUNITY STUDIES FROM SLIDES

A

REVIEW COMMUNITY STUDIES FROM SLIDES

43
Q

radionuclide

A

atom that has an unstable nucleus

can emit X or gamma rays/sub atomic particles when it decays

44
Q

radioisotope

A

natural or artificially produced isotope that is radioactive

45
Q

Three Mile Island

A

mechanical failures–> accident
partial meltdown of core
amount of human exposure very low

46
Q

Radon

A

gas that seeps into homes with basements or home built over uranium deposits

colorless odorless gas that is produced by decay of uranium, radium

20% all lung cancer

no immediate symptoms…long term

47
Q

Stochastic effects

A

adverse health effects associated with low level exposure to radiation over a long period of time

48
Q

dirty bomb

A

explosive+radiation

used in small areas

49
Q

ELF

A

extremely low frequency radiation

power poles, building walls, electrical appliances

potentially low level exposure to people who live near power lines, but not really conclusive

Environmental Health (6 decks)

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