Study Set Test 1 Pharmacy Flashcards
1
Q
Isotopes have the same # of ?
A
Protons
2
Q
Isotopes will have different number of ?
A
Neutrons
3
Q
Isotopes will belong to the same ?
A
Element
4
Q
Isotopes mass number will be ?
A
Different
5
Q
Isobars have the same number of ?
A
Nucleons
6
Q
Isobars have the same______ &______ ?
A
Mass number & Atomic number
7
Q
Isobars will belong to a different?
A
Element
8
Q
Isotopes the mass number increases by what ?
A
1
9
Q
Isobars the protons increase or decrease?
A
Increase
10
Q
Isobars the neutrons _______?
A
Decrease
11
Q
Isotones have the same number of ?
A
Neutrons
12
Q
Isotones will belong to a different?
A
Element
13
Q
Isotones will have different number of _______ and ______?
A
Protons and Nucleons
14
Q
Isotones the ____ will increase ?
A
Protons
15
Q
Isomers have the same number of ?
A
Protons and neutrons
16
Q
Isomers have the same element ? T/F
A
True
17
Q
Isomers only differ by ?
A
Energy
18
Q
Four Classification of nuclides?
A
Isotopes
Isobars
Isotones
Isomers
19
Q
What are the different types of radiation?
A
Alpha/Beta/Positron/Electron Capture/Isomeric/Fission
20
Q
Alpha is the slowest and least penetrating due to its :
A
Size
21
Q
Alpha radiation is
A
A particle it has mass
22
Q
Alpha is emitted from the :
A
Nucleus of an atom
23
Q
As the size of radiation increases, penetration and speed ?(Alpha)
A
Decrease
24
Q
An Alpha particle will only travel_____ in the air can be stopped by ______?
A
3cm, a piece of paper
25
Alpha particle contains an average of _______ of energy?
4 MeV
26
Beta is actually a high speed electron coming from the …
Nucleus
27
Beta is ______ the size and weight of Alpha?
Half
28
Beta is a little faster and more penetrating than _____ particle?
Alpha
29
______ can be stopped several meters in the air and can be stopped by a few cm of tissue or small piece of wood.
Beta
30
____ is not as big as ____?
Beta, Alpha
31
Positron B+ is a high speed ______ coming from the nucleus
Electron
32
_______ has the same properties of Beta
Positron B+
33
Gamma Ray is not a ?
Particle
34
______ has no physical size or discernible mass to it.
Gamma ray
35
Gamma rays originate from ?
Nucleus
36
Fastest form of radiation? Can travel the speed of light
Gamma Ray
37
Highly penetrating can go through skin and body tissue and take several feet of concrete to stop
Gamma ray
38
Virtually identical to gamma ray
X rays
39
Originate from the orbital shells outside the nucleus
X rays
40
T1/2 equals
Physical half life
41
The time required for a radionuclide to decay to half of its activity.
Physical half life
42
Ex: If a sample of 99mTc had 100 mCi at 6 am it would have _____ at noon?
50 mCi
43
MCI =
Millicuries
44
The time it takes for ____% of a radiopharmaceutical to leave the body via normal physiologic functions is ?
50/Biologic half life
45
Physiologic Functions include:
Feces/Urine/Vomit/Sweat/Breathing
46
Tb1/2 equals
Biologic half life
47
This will vary for every radiopharmaceutical and individual person…. What am I?
Biologic half life
48
The time it take for ____% of radiopharmaceutical to leave the body via normal physiologic and decay of the radionuclide.
Effective half life
49
Te1/2 equals
Effective half life
50
This is always less than tb1/2 and t1/2
Te1/2
51
Formula of half life equals
1/te1/2 =1/Tp1/2 + 1/tb1/2
52
A nuclide that is unstable is
Radionuclide
53
To achieve stability and nuclide must undergo… a stable ratio is N/Z
Decay
54
Six ways a radionuclide can decay ?
Alpha/Beta/Positron/EC/Isomerism/Fission
55
Beta Decay is _____ rich
Neutron( add proton)
56
Positron Decay is _______ rich?
Proton( subtract - proton)
57
Electron capture is _____ rich
Proton ( subtract proton)
58
Alpha Decay usually occurs in heavy ______
Nuclei atomic number is usually 85 and higher ex:radon
59
When a radionuclide decays by _____ it emits a heavy charged particle which is ____ and ____?
Alpha /2 protons and 2 neutrons
60
Alpha is a ____?
Helium
61
What energy is given off in the form of antineutrino or v~
Beta
62
A neutron is converted to a proton ?
Beta
63
Antinineurto is a particle with ?
No charge it carries away excess energy
64
The particle emitted is e+ what am I ?
Positron
65
Neutrino is used in ?
Positron and EC
66
Character x rays are emitted from the shells outside the nucleus in this decay
Electron Decay
67
The nucleus captures an electron and combines with a proton to make a neutron
Electron Capture
68
When Electron capture happens it takes from the closest shell T/F
True
69
Parameters for electron capture to occur
The energy difference between parent and daughter radionuclide are less than 1.02 MeV
70
Energy difference greater than 1.02 MeV usually by
Poistron
71
The probability of EC occurring increases with ?
2 protons
72
Isomeric transition
Occurs when the nucleus of a radionuclide is in an excited state
73
Also referred to gamma decay is ?
Isomerism transition
74
When the isomeric state decays to a lower excited state is
Isomeric Transition
75
Remaining in an excited state
Metastable state
76
When a radionuclide decays by IT is gives off a
Gamma ray
77
Isomerism can occur by itself or by
Beta/positron/ec
78
Internal Conversion
Makes a conversion electron or an auger electron
79
Occurs in radionuclides with a heavy nucleus
Fission
80
Fission fragments
2 fragments
81
Fission makes how many neutrons
2 to 3 neutrons
82
Energy of fission is
200-400 MeV
83
Probability of Fission is …
Low
84
Decay schemes will display
Modes and frequency of decay/process of decay/energy of different radiation emitted/half life
85
All positrons and EC decay by which arrow
Decay arrow to the left
86
Beta decay scheme
Decays with arrow pointing to the right
87
All Gamma decay scheme is
Arrow down 180 degree
88
A nucleus in an excited state has_________ lines above ground
Horizontal
89
The radioactivity per unit mass of a radionuclide or radiopharmaceutical.
Specific Activity
90
Is commonly used in production of radionuclides
Specific activity
91
mCi/mg , MBq/mg , Ci/g
Specific Activity is defined by activity/weight
92
Always express specific activity in _____ form
Lowest
93
The radioactivity per unit volume of a radionuclide or radiopharmaceutical.
Activity concentration
94
Is commonly used when referring to radiopharmaceutical doses or activity taken from a generator.
Activity Concentration
95
Defined as activity/volume
Activity concentration
96
mCi/ml is the most common form
Activity concentration
97
Injected into patients for diagnostic and theraputic purposes
Radioactive drugs
98
Originally called :
Radio tracers they are radioactive drugs that traces a pattern throughout the body
99
Emits the radiation from the radiopharmaceutical?
Radionuclide
100
Exhibits a response on the body to direct the radiopharmaceutical to its origin of the body
Pharmactical
101
The size of an atom
10-8 cm or 1 angstrom
102
The size of the nucleus is
10-13 or 1 fermi
103
Nuclei containing 2/8/20/50/82
Magic numbers
104
Electron Mass
9.1x10-31 kg
105
Protons Mass
1.67x-27kg
106
Neutron Mass
1.67x-27 kg
107
Protons energy
+1.6x10-19 coulombs
108
Electrons energy
-1.6x10-19 coulombs
