Final Pharmacy Flashcards
In electron capture, what is captured from the orbital shells?
A. Proton
B.Electron
C.Deuteron
D. X-ray
B. Electron
An element that decays by Beta will have a nucleus that is abundant in:
A. Neutrons
B.Electrons
C.Protons
D.Deutrons
A. Neutrons
Pb-204 is the ground state of Pb-204m
True or False
True
Which of the following is not an energy of Gallium- 67
A. 93 keV
B. 184 keV
C. 284 keV
D.0.3 MeV
C. 284 keV
During the internal conversion process, what is the emitted from the nucleus,strikes an electron causing it to be expelled from the atom?
A Gamma Ray
The half life of Technetium-99m is ___ hours.
6 hours
Gamma rays originate from the _____.
Nucleus
Two nuclides with the same number of neutrons but different atomic numbers are called isotones.
T/F
True
Which of the following radionuclides has the greatest chance of decaying by alpha?
A. Th-145
B. Cs-136
C. Zn-82
D. O-15
A. Th-145 (Alpha decay usually has an atomic number greater than 85
What is the atomic number of TI-202
81
Which of the following is not a particle form of radiation?
A. Alpha
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Characteristic x-rays
E. Both C&D
E. Both C&D
The half-life of Cobalt-57 is:
A. 71 days
B. 6504 hours
C. 6000 minutes
D. None of the above
B.6504 hours
What are the qualifications to be a stable atom?
A. Approximately the same number of protons and neutrons
B. To have a higher atomic number than mass
C. To have no neutrons
D. To have equal # of nucleons and protons
A. Approximately the same number of the protons and neutrons
Where are nucleons found?
In the nucleus
Iodine-123 decays by Isomeric Transition
True or False
False
Bi-210 decays by Beta but Isomeric Transition could accompany it as well.
True or False
True
Solve: Express answer in element and mass number (Ex: Xe-133)
_______ 222At + (B+) + (v)
Rn-222
Which decay method undergoes annihilation ?
A. Internal conversion
B. Positron
C. Electron Capture
D. Alpha
B. Positron
Electron capture is a decay mode of which of the following radionuclides ?
A.99MTc
B.123 I
C.57 Co
D.67 Ga
E. B,C,D
E. B,C,D
Which radiopharmaceutical decays by Electron Capture
A. Co-57
B. Tc-99m
C.Xe-133
D. Ra-222
A Co-57
What particle is released from the nucleus during electron capture decay?
A. Neutrino
B. Beta
C. Gamma
D. Electron
A. Neutrino
Solve: Express answer in element and mass number form (Ex. Xe-133)
200 Hg+ e _____ + v
Au-200
Hydrogen, deuterium and tritium are all ?
A. Isotopes
B. Have only 1 proton
C. Isomers
D. Both a &b
D. Both a & b
Which decay method is not used directly in Nuclear Medicine ?
Spontaneous Fission
99mTc-HDP is a radiopharmaceutical
True or False
True
If an element has 27 protons and 20 neutrons how would it decay?
Electron Capture
Which radiopharmaceutical has an energy of 136 keV?
A. I-123
B. I-131
C. Mo-99
D. Co- 57
D. Co-57
Which of the following statements is not true concerning the decay scheme of Pb- 204m?
A. Pb-204m is in a metastable state
B. The time Pb-204m spends in an above ground state is not sufficient to be metastable
C. Pb-204m gives off several different energies on its way to ground state
B.
There are 2 parts to a radiopharmaceutical. Which part of the radiopharmaceutical tells the radiopharmaceutical where to go in the body?
The Pharmaceutical
I-131 decays by a Beta particle
True or false
True
The 3 energies of Iodine-131
A. 10, 20, 30keV
B. 284, 364, 637 keV
C. 161, 417 keV and 1.02 MeV
D.0.284, 0.364 AND 0.637 MeV
E. Both B& D
E.
Effective Half- Life can be longer than Physical but not biologic
True or False
False
What are the 2 energies of Mo-99
740/780 keV or 0.74/0.78 MeV
Radiotracers and Radiopharmaceuticals are considered to be the same thing.
True/ False
True
Gamma decay emits a particle.
True or False
False
An atomic number of 48 gives you what element
Cd
The alpha particle consist of
2 protons and 2 neutrons
Tc-99 has how many Neutrons? (Just give the numeric value ex. 21)
56
If your generator column is 3 in^3 and it contains 2 Ci of Mo-99. What is the specific activity if the Mo-99 weights 4 grams in a volume of 2cc.
0.5 Ci/g
What is the half-life of Molybdenum-99
66 hours
What does the mass number of an element signify?
The number of protons and neutrons/nucleons
Solve: Express answer in element and mass number form (Ex. Xe-133)
235U____ + 4He
Th-231
If 200 uCi of Iodine-123 was used for calibration of a gamma camera, how long would it take for the source to reach 100 uCi?
13.2 hours
Which radionuclide can be used to locate infection and has half life of 78.2 hrs?
Ga-67
When a radionuclide decays by Isomeric Transition a ___ is given off.
Gamma Ray
In Beta Decay the atomic number does what ?
Increases by 1
Fill in the decay equation for Cu-62 if it decays by positron:
Ba-137_____ + B+ + v
Cs-137
Sb-122 has how may nucleons?
122
When the energy from the orbital transition results in the emission of an orbital electron rather than an x- ray the electron is termed ______.
Auger Electron
The shell with the highest probability of losing an electron in electron capture is the _______shell
M
I-131 has a _____ day half life
8 days
List the next isobar after calcium-40 ( list in the form of element -# of Nucleons eg X-30
Sc-40
A radionuclide that has no stable isotopes of the original radionuclide is called what ?
Carrier Free
An example of units for specific activity is ?
mCi/mg
What has an influence on the type of radionuclide produced in a Linear Accelerator.
The bombarding material/The target nucleus
How are particles accelerated in a linear accelerator?
By changing the electrical charge on the Dees
If Mo-98 is bombarded with a neutron in neutron capture what radionuclide is produced?
Mo-99
Li-6 (p,__) He-3
Choose the emitted material .
A. Proton& Neutron
B. Alpha Particle
C. 2 protons and 4 Neutrons
D. Both B & C
E. All of the above
B.
PET radiopharmaceuticals decay by _____
Positron
Thallium-201 has a half life of ______ days.
3.03 days
The Atomic number of the fission fragments of uranium should equal what?
92
What is an advantage of using neutron capture over fission?
It is less expensive
What is the bombarding agent used in a nuclear reactor?
Neutron
What is the equation for a neutron capture?
(N,gamma)
What is the function of the control rods in a reactor?
To control the rate of the reaction
What is the trade name for 177Lu- Dotatate?
Lutathera
What is an example of activity concentration?
Radioactivity per volume
Which of the following can not be used in a Linear Accelerator as the bombarding material?
A. 2 Nuetrons
B. 1 Proton
C. Deuteron
D. Alpha Particle
A.
Which of the following energies will a particle not be accelerated to in a cyclotron ?
A. 2 eV
B. 23 MeV
C. 40 MeV
D. 10 BeV
A. 2 eV
Which of the following is not a true statement concerning the products of Fission?
A.Not carrier free
B. High Specific Activity
C. Creates high activity generators
D. Creates easy to elite generators
A.
Which of the following can be accelerated by themselves in a cyclotron?
A. Proton
B. Neutron
C. Gamma
A.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a cyclotron?
A. Produced high specific activity
B. Produces low quantities and therefore
C. Produced a carrier free product
D. When you increase the energy of the target material a different product is produced
D.
Which of the following radionuclides will most likely decay by Fission?
C. Pt-225
Which of the following elements will not be product of fission?
A. Ni-56
B. Ru-98
C.Rb-87
D. Pt-137
D.
Who discovered first radionuclide?
Henri Becquerel
121Sb (______, 2n) 123 I
Alpha
137Ba (____,pn)136Ba
Proton
80Br(_____, 4He) 79Se
t-3
Control Rods in a nuclear reactor are made of ______
Cadmium or Cd
How many fission fragments are produced in the fission reaction?
2 fragments
If Ni- 62 is the target material in a cyclotron. A p+ is the bombarding particle. As the reaction takes place 1n is emitted from the nucleus . Write the nuclear reaction including the final product.
Write your answer using the parenthesis method. Ex. Cr-47(p,n) Ar-48
Ni-62(p,n)Cu-62
Mo-98(n,__) Mo-99
Gamma
Rob-85(p,4n)___
Sr-82
A neutron can be accelerated by itself in a LINAC
True or False
False
All radionuclides used in Nuclear Medicine today are artificially produced.
True or False
True
Fission produced radionuclides are not carrier free.
True or False
False
It is easy for the bombarding material in a reactor to enter the target nucleus .
True or False
True
Mo-99 is a fission fragment of U-236
True or False
True
Neutron Activation can also be called Neutron fluxion
True or False
False
Protons and neutrons can be emitted from the nucleus of the target material after a reaction in a cyclotron.
True or False
True
Te-123 that is bombarded with a deuteron that has 40 MeV of energy will produce the same radionuclide as Te-123 bombarded with tritium that has 40 MeV of energy.
True or False
False
The energy of Xe-133 is comparable enough to Tc-99m that it can be used to calibrate a gamma camera.
True or False
False
The low energy of I-125 does not allow it to decay by electron capture
True or False
False
Tl-201 can be produced in cyclotron by starting with Tl-203 as a target material.
True or False
True
When producing a radionuclide it is advantageous to have the produced radionuclide different from the original element .
True or false
True
3 advantages of using a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator.
- 140 keV of Tc-99m is good energy
- No particle emission
3.can elite daily - Tc-99m can be labeled with many pharmaceuticals
What is the final product after elution of a Mo/Tc-99m generator in either chemical or word form.
Sodium Pertechnetate
NaTc99mO4
Why does Mo-99 remain on the column and Tc-99m not during the elution process?
Mo-99 is more tightly bound to the alumina than Technetium
After a mO-99/Tc-99m generator is eluted, it takes approximately how many hours for the Tc-99m activity to build up to a maximum level?
24hr
All of the following factors affect the amount of Tc-99m eluted from a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator except:
A. The amount of Mo-99 activity present on the column
B. The time elapsed since the last elution
C. The elution efficiency of the generator
D. The time elapsed since calibration
E. The saline volume used for elution
E.
99mTc is produced:
A. From the alumina
B. From the decay of 99Mo
C. From the interaction of NaCl with 99Mo
D. From the decay of 99Tc
B.
All of the following are advantages of using a Mo-99Tc-99m generator except?
A. The following are advantages of using a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator except ?
B. Tc-99m gives no particle emission
C. Tc-99m can remain absorbed on the column
D. Tc-99m can be labeled with many chemicals
C.
An air pocket in the column of a Moly/Tc generator would cause:
A decrease Tc-99m yield
If a Mo-99/Tc-99m generator is eluted on Monday @ 0600 the maximum Tc-99m activity could next be eluted at what time ?
0600 on Tuesday
Free Technetium-99m can label to :
A. Oxygen
B. HDP only
C. Willy (the whale)
D. None of the above
D.
How log does it take for a 99Mo/99mTc generator to reach equilibrium?
24 hours or 4 half lives of 99mTc Decay
If 99Mo is 87 % efficient in a 99Mo/99mTc Generator, what is the remaining 13%?
99Tc
If a radionuclide generator, a _____ radionuclide decays to a ____ radionuclide.
Parent/daughter
According to the NRC, records of Mo-99 concentration in Tc-99m elate must be maintained for how long?
3 years
If no equate is obtained during generator elution, the technologist should next:
Attempt elution with another evacuated elution vial
The size of Mo-99/Tc-99m generator is expressed as the total activity of :
Mo-99 on the column
Mo-99 gets absorbed on the ____ in a radionuclide generator
Alumina
Na99mTcO4 expires in _____ hours
12 hours
If 1.2 Ci of Tc-99m are eluted from a generator in a 5.7 mL volume, what is the concentration of the equate?
A. 210 mCi/mL
B. 475 mCi/mL
C. 32.4 mCi/mL
D. 5.7 GBq/mL
A.
According to the USP, the maximum allowable aluminum concentration in Tc-99m equate is not to exceed:
10ug/mL
The eluent used in a 99Mo/99mTc generator is ?
A. 0.9% saline
B. Normal saline
C. Isotonic saline
D. Either A or B
E. All of the above
E.
The primary use for Flourine -18 is :
PET or Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
The product of a radionuclide generator should be _______ and ______
Sterile/Pyrogen Free
The Three 99mTc contents in a radiopharmaceuticals kit are :
A. Bound 99mTc
B. Free 99mTc
C. Hydrolzed 99m Tc
D.All of the above
D.
The process of eluting a dry Mo-99/Tc-99m generator relies on:
Negative pressure
What fills the elution vial for our final product?
Na99mTcO4
What is the main advantage of a solid column generator ?
Easy separation of the parent and daughter radionuclides
Tc-99m is replaced with_______ on the column when it’s separated from the parent?
Cl-
What type of equilibrium would a 137Cs/201Tl generator represent?
A. Secular
B. Transient
C. Inverse
D. Transverse
A.
What type of pH will mix with blood easily?
A. Physiologic
B. Very Acidic
C. Very Basic
A.
When Sodium Chloride gets washed over the column, what replaces the 99mTc ion to allow it to be transferred over into the eluate?
Cl-ion
Where does the 99Mo go after a 99Mo/99Tc generator is eluted?
Stays in the column
Where is the daughter separated from the parent in a radionuclide generator.
In the column
Which of the following in not an energy of 201 Tl?
A. 80 keV
B. 135 keV
C. 167 keV
D. 245 keV
D.
Which of the following would least likely be the size of a Mo99/99mTc?
A. 2 mCi
B.1 Ci
C.10 Ci
D. 15 Ci
A.
Which of the following does not have to be listed on a radionuclide generator?
A. When the generator expires
B.Date and time of calibration
C. Amount of 99Mo at calibration
D. Amount of 99mTc at calibration
D.
Which of the following is not true concerning the 99mTc in an elution
A. Is eluted as Pyrogen free
B. 99mTc is Sterile
C. Has carrier atoms in it
D. Has a 6 hour half-life
C.
Which of the following oxidation steps can 99mTc not be in ?
A. 2-
B.1+
C. 2+
D.7+
A.
Which of the following agents can be used to reduce 99mTc
A. Stannous Chloride
B. Stannous Tartrate
C. HCI
D. All of the above
D.
Which of the following is not an ideal characteristic of a generator?
A. Easy to shield
B. Stable granddaughter
C. Daughter T1/2 is longer than parent
D. Eluate is sterile and pyrogen free
C.
What type of generator uses Mo-99 is an aqueous solution?
Wet generator
Your generator was eluted at 0630 and then again at 1400. The first elution yielded 100 mCi/mL and the second elution yielded 25 mCi/ml. Which of the following is not true.
A. Your first elution would be expired at 1830
B.If the second elution used a 10cc vial, your total activity is 250mCi
C. Your second elution would be expired at 1900
D. If the first elution totaled 2000 mCi your voulume would be 20cc
C.
The_____ keV energy of 125I is not good for imaging
35
99Tc is a stable radionuclide
True or False
False
If you milk your cow( generator) in the morning at 7:00 am and then again at 2:00 pm that same day you will get the maximum amount of elution at 7:00 am the next morning.
True or False
False
The granddaughter of a radionuclide decay chain is always stable
True or false
False
The pH of a wet column generator will have a slightly higher pH than a Dry column generator.
True or false
True
There are no stable isotopes of Technetium
True or false
True
When 99mTc is bound in Na99mTcO4 it will not decay to 99Tc
True or False
False
You will get some 99Tc in with your final product
True or False
True
A 99mTc radiopharmactical kit should be :
A. Sterile
B. Pyrogen free
C.Radionuclidic Impurity free
D. None of the above
E. All of the above
E.
A Lyophilized solution is ______
A. Frozen
B.Freeze- Dried
C.Acqueous
D. Heat liable
B.
Alumina in the elution would be a _______ impurity
Chemical
Chemical purity is tested by :
A. Alternative Mo-99 method
B. Colorimetric techniques
C. Chromatography
D. Rabbits
B.
Concerning the stability of a radiopharmaceutical which bond is strong between the radionuclide and the pharmaceutical?
A. Covalent
B. Ionic
C. Poly grip denture cream
D. Crazy glue
A.
Gel Chromatography separates compounds due to their :
A. Charges
B. Size
C. Solubility
D. Vapor Pressure
B.
Having I-124 in your I-123 solution is an example of a _________ impurity
Radionuclide
Most Tc-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals will use what type of radio labeling?
Introduction of a Foreign Label
Physical appearance is a ______ test
A. Physiochemical
B. Biologic
C. Computer
D. Dose calibrator
A
The fraction of total radioactivity present in the form of the desired radionuclide is :
A. Radionuclidic purity
B. Radiochemical purity
C. Chemical purity
D. Radiobionuc purity
A
The function of benzly alcohol is too :
Prevent bacterial growth
The longest a Tc-99m radiopharmactical kit can have a shelf-life is:
A. 3 physical half-lives
B.18 hours
C. 6 months
D. Either A or B
E. All of the above
D
The presence of pyrogens in the USP rabbit test is based on a _______ response
Febrile
The radiopharmaceutical that you use for a nuclear medicine study should have a shelf life of about :
1 and 1/2 times the length of the study
To check for Moly breakthrough, what energy will your dose calibrator be set to?
A. 140 keV
B. 200 keV
C. 363 keV
D.740 keV
D.
What is the limit for Moly breakthrough?
0.15uCi 99Mo/mCi 99mTc at time of administration
When testing for alumina breakthrough, the standard drop should represent:
10ug Al+3
Which biologic test checks for sterility?
Growth media
Which of the following percentages of Free 99mTc in a radiopharmaceutical kit will concentrate least in the Thyroid?
A. 5%
B. 50%
C.95%
D. Free 99mTc doesn’t concentrate in the thyroid
A.
Which of the following limits is acceptable for 100 uCi of 131 I in your 99mTc generator elution.
0.5uCi 131I/mCi 99mTc
Which of the following bonds will not be formed in Introduction of a foreign label.
A. Chelation
B.Covalent
C. Ionic
D. Either A or B
E. All of the above
C.
