Health Physics 3

Question 1

Shipping Regulations are found in

Answer 1

10CFR49

Question 2

The transportation of radioactive materials is governed by the US DOT 4 things they govern:

Answer 2

1.Packaging
2. Types of packaging material
3.Limits of radioactivity in a packages
4.Exposure limits for packages

Question 3

There are 2 types of packaging for radioactive material

Answer 3

Type A- is one that is not accident resistant- used from transportation of most radio pharmaceuticals
Type B- is an accident-resistant package used to transport high amounts of radioactive materials like spent fuel.

Question 4

There are 3 package labels for packaging of radioactive materials

Answer 4

White label(1)
Yellow (2)
Yellow (3)

Question 5

The labels are based on:

Answer 5

1.Transportation Index (TI) exposure reading in mR/hr at 1 meter from the surface( max value of 10mR/hr)
2. Surface Index exposure reading in mR/hr at the surface (max of 200mR/hr)

Question 6

All radioactive label are the class number

Answer 6

7

Question 7

White label 1 surface should be no more than and the TI

Answer 7

.5mR/hr on the surface almost no radiation
TI= N/A should be a reading for TI

Question 8

Yellow label 2 surface and TI should be between

Answer 8

Surface- 0.5mR/hr-50 mR/hr
TI-1mR/hr at 1 meter

Question 9

Yellow label 3 surface and TI should be between:

Answer 9

Surface- more than 50 mR/hr levels at 200 mR/hr max on surface
TI- no more than 10mR/hr at 1 meter

Question 10

Packaging labels must contain:

Answer 10

1. Identify the contents
2. Amount of the radionuclide in Becquerels
   Labels must be on the opposite side if the package

Question 11

The package should also have shipping documents with information about the radioactivity :4.

Answer 11

1. The identity
   2.The amount
   3.Chemical form
   4.The TI

Question 12

Transportation veheicles are required

Answer 12

To have placards on 4 sides of the vehicle if they carrying a radioactive 3 package

Question 13

Exceptions to labeling for radioactive materials:

Answer 13

1. Based on the quantity of radioactive material being shipped
   2.The surface exposure should not exceed 0.5mR/hr
2. The wipe test should reveal no removable contamination in excess of 6600 dpm/300 cm^2

A label must be accompany the package and read ‘’ RADIOACTIVE LIMITED QUANTITY “

Question 14

Receiving Radioactive Shipments

Answer 14

1. Always wear gloves and lab coat
2. Visually inspect the package ( check for degradation of the package such as crushed or wet or damaged)
   3.Survey the external surface of a package for radioactive contamination:1. Should be performed no later that 3 hrs after receipt or 3 hrs after the next working day after hours
   2.NCR AND RSO SHOULD BE NOTIFIED IF:
3. Surface exposure is more than 200mR/hr
   4.TI exposure at 1 meter is more than 10mR/hr
   * WIPE TEST the outer container for removable contamination:
4. NCR AND RSO should be notified if outer surface is more than 2000 dpm/100cm^2 or 6600dpm/300cm^2

Question 15

Steps to receiving a Radioactive shipment :

Answer 15

Open package
1. Check inside container’s integrity
2. Verify the contents agreement with the package slip and what was ordered
Wipe test the inner container for removable contamination
1. Inner container count is not more than 22,000 dpm/100cm^2
Remove contents and place in appropriate areas
All radioactive label must be defaced
1. Mark though the label so its apparent that it’s not radioactive
2.Turn label over so its now a radioactive 1 white label

Question 16

Use of Radiopharmactuicals certain radiation safety principles have to be taken with radiopharmaceuticals :

Answer 16

1. Syringe shield and labels
2. Vial shield and label

Question 17

Syringe Shields and Labels rules 4 in total:

Answer 17

1. A licensee shall keep syringes that contain byproduct material to be administered in a radiation shield
   2.A licensee shall require each individual who prepares a RP kit to use a syringe shield when preparing the kit
2. A licensee shall require each individual administering a radiopharmactical by injection to use a syringe shield- unless the shield is contraindicated- inhibits the injection
3. A RP syringe shall be labeled with the following- RP name/abbreviation
   And clinical procedure to be performed or the patients name

Question 18

Vial shields and labels should:

Answer 18

1.Shall required each individual who prepares or handles a vial that contains a RP to keep vial in vial radation shields
2.A RP vial shall be labeled with the following: RP name and abbreviation

Question 19

Place radionuclide in an appropriate container and the container must be surveyed for surface and a TI
The appropriate label must now be put on the container:

Answer 19

1. Unit dose pigs(lead containers) will be returned (empty pigs will have white label 1)
   2.An actual unit dose can be returned ( survey use appropriate label)
2. Generators will be shipped back (survey and use appropriate label)

Question 20

Radiation Events involve an elevated amount of radation above normal limits there are two types of events :

Answer 20

1. Exposure Events- involve exposure and regulated notification to the NRC
2. Medical Events -
   -Recordable events
   -Misadministration -a reportable event

Question 21

Exposure Events involve radiation exposure to an individual that is above the normal limits
Immediate Notification: must be reported to the NRC:

Answer 21

1. A TEDE of 25 REMs or more
2. A lens of 75 REMs or more
3. A shallow dose of 250 rads or more
   * The release of radioactive material so that if an individual had been present for 24 hrs they would have received an intake 5 times the Annual Limit of intake

Question 22

Annual limit of Intake (2)

Answer 22

1. Limit for the amount of radioactive material taken into the body of an adult worker by inhalation or ingestion in a year.
2. Committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rems(0.05SV) or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rem (0.5 SV) to any individual organ of tissue

Question 23

24 hr notification each licensee must report an event to the NRC if an individual receives:

Answer 23

1. TEDE exceeding 5 REMs
2. Lens dose equivalent exceeding 15 REMs
3. A shallow dose equivalent to the skin or extremities exceeding 50 REMs

Question 24

Medical Events Recordable Event

Answer 24

1. A radio pharmaceuticals is given to a patient when a written directive is required without daily reading of each administered dose.
   2.A RP dosage great than 30 uCi of I125 or Iodine 131: when bothe dosage differs from the prescribed dosage by 10% of the prescibed dosage and 3.The difference between the adminsted dosage and prescribed dosage 15 uCi
   4.A therapeutic RP dosage other than I125 or iodine 131 when admitted dosage differs from the prescribed dosage by more than 10% of the prescribed dosage

Question 25

Written Directive

Answer 25

An authorized user written order from the administration of byproduct material or radation from byproduct material to a specific patient. ( you have an order from a physician to give 99mTc-MIBI

Question 26

Misadministration reportable (2)

Answer 26

A radiopharmactical dosage greater than 30 uCi of sodium iodide 125 I or 131 I:
1. Involving the wrong individual or wrong radiopharmactical or
2. When both the adminsted dosage differs from the prescribed dosage by more than 20% of the prescribed dosage, and the difference between the adminsted dosage and prescribed dosage 30uCi
A therapeutic radiopharmaceutical dosage other than 125 I or 131I:
1. Involving the wrong individual, wrong radiopharmactical wrong route of administration or
2. When the administrated dosage differs from the prescribed dosage by more than 20% of the prescribed dosage .

Question 27

Misadministration Reportable 3

Answer 27

A diagnostic radiopharmactical dosage other than quantities greater than 30 uCi of sodium iodide 125 I OR 131 I or both
1. Involving the wrong individual wrong radiopharmactical wrong route of administration or when the dosage differs front he prescribed dosage and
2. When the dose to the individual exceed 5 REMs effective dose equivalent to any individual organ

Question 28

For the Misadministration report 5 thing :

Answer 28

1. The licensee shall notify by telephone the NRC no later than the next calendar day after discovery
   2.The licensee shall submit a written report to the NRC witching 15 days after discovery
   3.Licensee shall provide notification of the event to the physician and also notify the individual in the medical event no later than 24 hrs after discovery (physician may inform individual or not)
   4.If an individual was notified the license provider within 15 days after discovery a written report to individual .
2. Each license shall retain a record of each misadministration for 5 years

Question 29

Written Report to the NRC should contain the following:

Answer 29

1. Licensee name
2. Physician name
3. Description of the event
   4.Why the event occurred
   5.Effect on the patient
   6.What improvement are needed to prevent reoccurrence
4. Actions taken to prevent reoccurrence
5. If the patient was noticed and if not why?
6. If there was notification what information was provided
   * The report must not contain the patient’s name to information about the patient