study questions (wk 1-2)

Question 1

hazard communication standard

Answer 1

contains requirements for employers to evaluate potential chemical hazards and communicate info about them and take appropriate protective measures

Question 2

when is a secondary container label required

Answer 2

when the product is not in its original container

Question 3

zoonoses

Answer 3

diseases spread between humans and animals

Question 4

3 types of samples presented for analysis that might contain zoonotic diseases

Answer 4

body fluids, feces, skin scrapings

Question 5

3 types of PPE

Answer 5

eye protection, protective clothing, gloves

Question 6

4 types of lab equipment (in-house clinic)

Answer 6

microscope, refractometer, microhematocrit centrifuge, clinical centrifuge

Question 7

why are blood collection tubes color coded

Answer 7

some are used for different samples, tests, animals, etc. and limits how much blood you need; presence or absence of additives

Question 8

sediment

Answer 8

heavy elements that sink to bottom

Question 9

supernatant

Answer 9

liquid components of sample after spinning

Question 10

swim arm centrifuge

Answer 10

tube holders swing out in motion

Question 11

2 disadvantages of swing arm centrifuge

Answer 11

heat build up at excessive speeds and mixing sediment and supernatant when stops and reverts to vertical position

Question 12

why are samples balanced when in centrifuge

Answer 12

avoids wobbling, no liquid is forced from tube, less damage overall

Question 13

what can happen to a sample if CVT spins for too long or fast

Answer 13

ruptured cells, changes in morphology

Question 14

refractometer

Answer 14

measures refractive index of a solution

Question 15

how to use and aftercare of refractometer

Answer 15

place drop of sample on prism, close cover, bring into light and focus interface line by turning eyepiece; wipe down prism with lens paper and then use distilled water and a paper towel after each use

Question 16

mechanical stage control

Answer 16

hold slide in place; moves stage back and forth and left and right

Question 17

condenser

Answer 17

focus light from light source by raising and lowering condenser

Question 18

diaphragm

Answer 18

opens and closes to control amount of light

Question 19

rheostat

Answer 19

brightness control; adjusts intensity of light

Question 20

scanning magnification

Answer 20

x4

Question 21

low power magnification

Answer 21

x10

Question 22

high power magnification

Answer 22

x40

Question 23

oil immersion magnification

Answer 23

x100

Question 24

how is total magnification calculated

Answer 24

ocular lens x objective lens

Question 25

total magnification for higher power objective

Answer 25

10 x 40 = 400

Question 26

par focal

Answer 26

objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing; not having to adjust the course focus when moving from the lower objectives to the higher objectives

Question 27

8 steps to clean and store microscope

Answer 27

the 10X objective is in place (pointed down), slide has been removed, oculars and each objective has been cleaned with lens paper (clean 100X last), the power is off, if the stage was dirty - it has been wiped clean, the cord is wrapped around the cord rack, the cover is on, you are using two hands to lift and carry it

Question 28

hematology

Answer 28

science involved with the study of blood cells and their formations

Question 29

hemoglobin

Answer 29

iron-containing molecule in RBCs that binds oxygen for transport

Question 30

7 major functions of blood

Answer 30

carry oxygen from lungs to tissues of body, transport carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs, transport nutrients from intestines to liver for more processing, delivers hormones to their sites of actions, removal of waste products from the cell and transporting them to kidney, body temp regulation, and carries components of the immune system

Question 31

hematopoiesis

Answer 31

production of blood cells and platelets

Question 32

WBCs considered agranulocytes

Answer 32

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 33

WBCs considered granulocytes

Answer 33

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 34

why are blood cells constantly being produced

Answer 34

they have a finite life span (limited and must be replaced)

Question 35

hematopoietic activity in prenatal, neonatal and juvenile, and adult

Answer 35

prenatal: liver, spleen, thymus, red bone marrow; juvenile: red bone marrow (found in nearly every bone in a fetus or young animal - main site for production of blood cells); adult: red bone marrow (or liver and spleen if stressed)

Question 36

erythropoiesis

Answer 36

production of reythrocytes

Question 37

thrombopoiesis

Answer 37

production of platelets

Question 38

granulopoiesis

Answer 38

production of granulocytes

Question 39

lymphopenia

Answer 39

decreased number of lymphocytes

Question 40

pancytopenia

Answer 40

decrease of all blood cell types

Question 41

leukocytosis

Answer 41

increase number of leukocytes

Question 42

left-shift

Answer 42

increased number of immature neutrophils in blood

Question 43

leukemia

Answer 43

neoplastic cells in blood or bone marrow

Question 44

leukemoid response

Answer 44

characterized by marked leukocytosis, usually inflammatory disease

Question 45

8 tests in CBC

Answer 45

total RBC count, PCV, plasma protein concentration, total WBC count, blood smear examination, reticulocyte count if anemic, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte indices

Question 46

what is included in blood film evaluation

Answer 46

Differential WBC count, RBC and leukocyte morphology

Question 47

PCV

Answer 47

hematocrit; packed cell volume; percent of whole blood composed of RBC

Question 48

why do RBC gravitate to bottom of tube in centrifugation

Answer 48

higher specific gravity point

Question 49

Buffy coat

Answer 49

consists of WBC and platelets

Question 50

normal plasma color

Answer 50

clear, pale yellow/tan

Question 51

icteric plasma color

Answer 51

yellow

Question 52

lipemia plasma color

Answer 52

white, milky

Question 53

hemolyzed plasma color

Answer 53

pale pink, wine red

Question 54

PCV below normal condition

Answer 54

anemia

Question 55

PCV too high

Answer 55

polycythemia (dehydrated)

Question 56

test after PCV in hematocrit tube

Answer 56

plasma protein concentration; total protein/total solids

Question 57

if plasma protein conc/TP or TS above is normal; too low

Answer 57

Increased-dehydration, decreased-overhydration

Question 58

formula for estimating RBCs in a ul of blood using PCV

Answer 58

PCV/6 x 1,000,000 = RBC/ul

Question 59

formula for estimating hemoglobin using PCV

Answer 59

PCV/3 (round to one decimal place) = g/dl of hemoglobin