Study Questions Chap 10-15 Flashcards
Leaf scorch, girdling roots, and mineral deficiencies are examples of _____ disorders.
abiotic
Insect damage to trees is usually the result of feeding or ____ ____.
egg laying
Name 6 insects pests of trees with chewing mouth parts.
a) beetles
b) caterpillars
c) weevils
d) leafminers
e) borers
f) webworms
Name the 4 factors required for a tree disease
a) susceptible host
b) pathogenic organism
c) suitable environment
d) proper timing
Curling and cupping of the foliage and parallel venetian are common symptoms of _____ damage.
herbicide
_____ can be described as any factor that limits a plant’s ability to acquire sufficient light, water or essential minerals.
Stress
_____ _____ are organisms that are frequently encountered in landscapes, predictably cause injury to plants, and may include particularly noxious pests in the area.
key pests
PHC practitioners must choose from 3 pest management goals:
a) prevention
b) eradication
c) suppression
_____ _____ are derived from certain bacterial pathogens of insects.
Microbial pesticides
Products that contain _____ _____ (BT) are examples of microbial pesticides that utilize insect pathogens or lethal microbial byproducts derived from extracts of bacterial pathogens of insects.
bacillus thuringiensis
The biological control strategy is based on the concept that many insects pests live in a natural, dynamic balance with _____, _____, and _____ that control past populations.
predators, parasites, and pathogens
List the 3 components of risk assessment
a) potential for failure
b) environment that may contribute to failure
c) potential target
When performing a tree assessment, it is important to develop and stick to a _____ process
systematic
For structural strength, branches should be _____ in diameter than their parent limbs or trunk.
smaller
_____ _____ fungi primarily decay the lignin within and between cell walls in the wood.
white rot
List 5 indicators of decay in a tree
a) open wounds/cavities
b) fruiting bodies (mushrooms, conks)
c) cracked or loosened bark
d) certain insects
e) birds, bees, other animals
List 4 potential options for mitigating tree risk
a) removal of the tree or limb(s)
b) pruning
c) cabling
c) bracing
Name 5 ways that trees can be adversely affected by construction.
a) root injury
b) soil compaction
c) injury to trunk or branches
d) grade change
e) excavation or severing root system
The 5 phases of land development are:
a) planning
b) design
c) grading
d) construction
e) maintenance
True/False
There is far more that an arborist can do to treat trees that have been damaged by construction then to prevent the damage.
False
The _____ _____ _____ is the area around the tree or groups of trees in which no grading, excavation or construction activity is to occur.
tree protection zone
Name 7 insects with piercing or sucking mouth parts.
a) aphids
b) adelgids
c) scales
d) leafhoppers
e) mealybugs
f) true bugs
g) psyllids
Urban forestry is the management of naturally occurring and planted trees and associated plants in urban areas. Arboriculture focuses on the ____; urban forestry focuses on the _____ or larger populations of trees in urban areas
tree, forest
List 5 allied professionals or groups that an urban forester should learn to communicate with.
a) urban planners
b) civil engineers
c) public works officials
d) government agencies
e) the public
List 6 economic benefits of trees
a) increased residential and business property values
b) increased tax base for community
c) attract visitors, businesses, and new residents
d) increase rental of apartments and offices and reduce vacancy rates
e) encourage shoppers to linger
f) defer maintenance on materials that degraded by heat (e.g. asphalt)
List 7 environmental benefits of trees
a) improve air quality
b) carbon sequestering
c) reduce greenhouse gases
d) conserve energy by protecting surroundings from wind and sun
e) cool the air thru transpiration
f) reduce stormwater runoff and erosion
g) provide wildlife habitat
List 8 social benefits of trees
a) reduce stress
b) reduce mental fatigue
c) enhance mental health
d) enhance recuperation rates
e) reduce psychological precursors to crime
f) enhance community pride
g) heal and restore communities
h) increase recreational opportunities
List 6 types of data that are typically collected in a tree inventory.
a) Species
b) diameter
c) location
d) condition codes
e) maintenance codes
f) notes
A _____ _____ policy statement should set out the policies for identifying, assessing, reporting, and mitigating risks
Risk management
A _____ _____ _____ is a legal regulation, established by the local authority, that protects a tree or multiple trees.
Tree protection order
Managing large populations of trees under the common urban pressures and financial restraints of a municipality requires a strong, well-thought-out _____ _____.
management plan
To maintain species diversity in the urban forest, a common guideline is to aim for densities not to exceed _____% from a single parent family, _____% of a single genus, and _____% of a single species.
30%, 20%, 10%
Name 6 pieces of personal protective equipment that are generally required for all tree workers
a) hard hat
b) eye protection
c) hearing protection (if needed)
d) leg protection (if needed)
e) sturdy boots
f) appropriate clothing
All workers should receive some a should receive some education and training in _____ _____ procedures including CPR, first aid and aerial rescue
Emergency response
Generally the depths of the felling notch should not exceed _____-_____ of the diameter of the tree.
one-third
If a victim is not breathing, it is necessary to perform _____ _____
Artificial respiration
