Misc Facts Flashcards
List 3 ways trees can help to control runoff: (#14)
a) holding rain on leaves and bark
b) roots retaining soil water
c) fallen leaves create a layer on the ground that prevents rain from making it to the ground
What is the safety factor formula? (#66)
safety factor = Limiting load /working load
List the 4 roles of xylem: (#85)
a) conduction of water and elements
b) storing carbohydrates
c) protect against disease and decay
d) support the tree itself
Describe the four walls of CODIT and which walls make up the reaction zone. (#90)
Wall 1 resists vertical spread
Wall 2 resists inward
Wall 3 inhibits lateral spread
Wall 4 protects against outward spread
Walls 1, 2, 3 are the reaction zone
What are the 8 negative effects of topping? (#96)
a) starvation
b) increased disease
c) potential for insects
d) weaker limbs
e) death
f) poor aesthetics
g) rapid growth
h) shock
Describe the 3 types of pruning shears. (#112)
~Anvil-straight blade with splitting action
~Bypass-scissor like action; used commonly with growing stems
~Ratchet-stage cut anvil structure
Describe 4 types of pruning techniques. (#113)
~Cleaning-removal of dead, diseased or problematic branches
~Thinning-cleaning and selective removal to increase light or air penetration
~Raising-removal of lower branches to raise clearance
~Reduction-reduce the size of the tree
List 8 causes of deformed leaves. (#123)
1) spray
2) leaf galls
3) fungus
4) virus
5) herbicide
6) frost
7) anthracnose
8) insects
How do you calculate a degree day? (#141)
Degree day = Ave daily temp – threshold temperature
What are the maximum populations for tree diversity? (#153)
30% of a single plant family
20% of a single genus
10% of a single species
List 5 elements of an urban forest management plan. (#154)
1) planting plan
2) preservation plan
3) emergency response
4) observations
5) removal plan
In a lightning protection system, what is the maximum radius for a single conductor (#171)
35 feet
List and describe four methods of irrigating trees. (#209)
1) Drip irrigation-localized and economical use of water to reduce waste and run off
2) Portable-used for transplanted trees or areas of drought
3) Basin-distributes water to a shallow depth best for young absorbing roots
4) High-pressure injection-used for deep root systems
List 3 characteristics of a high-quality tree. (#232)
1) strong form of trunk and branches
2) strong root system
3) no damage or disease
What are 5 minimum requirements for the standard OSHA job briefing. (#255)
1) Hazards associated with the work
2) Procedure
3) Special precautions
4) Control of energy
5) PPE required
List 6 high-risk tree work scenarios. (#259)
1) Trees on unstable ground or steep slopes
2) trees with a heavy lean
3) Trees with stem or root rot
4) trees known to split
5) operating a chainsaw above shoulder height
6) operating a chainsaw above ground level such as from a tree or ladder
NOTE: Cutting directly overhead is prohibited
Chainsaw safety requirements include these 4 things: (#258)
1) metal or plastic fuel container
2) fueling at least 10’ away from an Ignition source
3) approved by the appropriate entities
4) fuel tank is no greater than 5 gallons
What are 5 benefits of using blocks rather than the crotch of a tree? (#281)
1) reduce rope wear
2) decrease dynamic loading
3) increase control
4) decrease wear
5) decrease tree damage
What are the 5 organs of a plant? (#283)
1) leaves
2) roots
3) stems
4) fruit
5) flowers
List 5 disadvantages of topping. (#304)
1) Poor aesthetics
2) Potential tree death
3) rapid growth of sprouts
4) Shock due to increased sunlight
5) susceptibility to disease
What are the 5 steps of structural pruning for young tree? (#305)
1) removal of broken and damaged branches
2) establish a dominant leader leader
3) establish the lowest permanent branch
4) establish scaffold a branches
5) selection and subordination of temporary branches
What are 3 objectives of regular pruning? (#315)
1) prevent defects
2) prevent the development of codominant stems
3) control the development of lower limbs
What are 6 precautions to take when root pruning? (#316)
1) avoid larger roots
2) minimize the number of roots cut
3) cut as far away from the trunk as possible
4) older trees will be more stressed then younger trees
5) trees in poor health should not be root pruned
6) trees with a significant lean may have structural integrity issues if root pruned
Name four pruning techniques (#321).
~Vista-increasing the view through the tree
~Thinning-cleaning and selective removal to increase light or air penetration
~Raising-removal of lower branches to raise canopy
~Reduction-reduce of the size of the tree
Name 3 types of implementation methods for biological control (#350)
~Augmentation-helping the existing population by supplementing their needs
~Introduction-providing a new species in hopes of natural control
~Conservation-maintaining the existing population
Describe the 3 choices for cable when using a tree support system (#368)
~7-strand common-grade: lower strength and flexible
~Extra-high-strength: high strength, low flexibility
~Aircraft cable: high strength and flexibility but limited in the choices of anchors
A cabling system should be installed at ___/___ the distance from the ____ ____ to the ____ of the ____. (#373)
2/3
weak point
end of the limbs
