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PSYCH 102 > Study Questions > Flashcards

Study Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

best treatment

anxiety disorders

A

most effective = CBT

antianxiety can work too but there are side effects such as the risk of addiction

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2
Q

best treatment

specific phobias

A

systematic desensitization
- make a fear hierarchy then gradually expose them to the fearful object/situation

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3
Q

best treatment

panic disorder

A

CBT
- break association between physical symptoms and the feeling of danger

cognitive restructuring
- understand that panic attacks aren’t heart attacks

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4
Q

best treatment

OCD

A

drug of choice = chlomipramine (SSRI that also blocks the reuptake of other neurotransmitters)

CBT = exposure and response prevention (works better than meds)

DBS = if nothing else works

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5
Q

best treatment

addiction

A
  • drug replacements to reduce cravings and symptoms of withdrawal
  • family and group therapy
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6
Q

best treatment

depression

A
  • CBT is just as effective as antidepressants
  • combination of both works best

CBT
- help think more adaptively to improve mood and behaviour

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7
Q

best treatment

schizophrenia

A

drug of choice = atypical antipsychotics (clozapine)
- works on + and - symptoms

psych-social treatment
- drugs + occupational and social therapy
- social skills training

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8
Q

best treatment

BPD

A

Dialectical behaviour therapy
- combines elements of cognitive, behavioural, and psychodynamic approaches

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9
Q

best treatment

APD

A
  • drugs and therapy are mostly ineffective
  • likley to improve/decrease with age
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10
Q

best treatment

ADHD

A
  • stimulants (ritalin and adderall)
  • mixed with behavioural therapy
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11
Q

best treatment

ASD

A

Applied behavioural analysis (ABA)
- based on operant conditioning (reinforcers)

biological treatments
- SSRIs may help
- oxytocin to help with social cognition

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12
Q

exposure therapies

flooding

A

forced exposure in a safe environment

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13
Q

exposure therapies

counterconditioning

A

extinguish a CR by pairing it with an incompatible response

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14
Q

exposure therapies

systematic desensitization

A

gradual exposure

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15
Q

negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

absence of normal behaviours

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16
Q

positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

presence of maladaptive behaviours

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17
Q

5 anxiety disorders

specific phobias

A

fear of something that is disproportionate to the threat

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18
Q

5 anxiety disorders

social anxiety

A

fear of being judged negatively by others

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19
Q

5 anxiety disorders

panic disorder

A

sudden attacks of overwhelming terror

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20
Q

5 anxiety disorders

agoraphobia

A

fear of being in situations you can’t easily escape from

21
Q

5 anxiety disorders

GAD

A

persistent feeling of anxiety even in the absense of a specific trigger

22
Q

objective personality tests

A
  • direct assessments of personality (ex. self-reports, questionnaires)
23
Q

projective personality tests

A
  • examine tendencies to respond in a certain way by having people interpret ambiguous stimuli (ex. inkblot)
  • makes correlations that aren’t really there
  • tries to reveal hidden emotions and meanings
24
Q

big 5

openness to experience

A

outgoing, adventurous

25
Q

big 5

conscientiousness

A

responsible, takes others seriously, desire to do well

26
Q

big 5

extraversion

A

sociable, assertive

27
Q

big 5

agreeableness

A

work with others, go with the flow

28
Q

big 5

neuroticism

A

emotional instability, irritability, self-doubt, anxiety

29
Q

Big 5 theory of personality traits

A

idea that personality can be described and evaluated using 5 factors which can also predict future behaviours and life outcomes

30
Q

biases that can affect attributions

fundamental attribution error

A

greater emphasis placed on dispositional factors (personality) when assuming the cause of someone’s behaviour

31
Q

biases that can affect attributions

actor/observer discrepancy

A

tendency to make the fundamental attribution error when observing others but not yourself

32
Q

biases that can affect attributions

self-serving bias

A

actor/observer discrepancy only holds true for negative behaviours

33
Q

biases that can affect attributions

just-world bias

A

assuming everything is good and that negative outcomes are a flaw of the system, not ourselves

34
Q

social loafing

A
  • not working as well in a group
35
Q

social facilitation

A

body doubling

36
Q

realistic optimism

A

hope for the best, prepare for the worst

37
Q

unrealistic optimism

A
  • overly optimistic
  • blind to reality
  • more likely to get hurt
38
Q

optimism

A
  • typically thinks positively
  • lower risk of heart disease
39
Q

pessimism

A
  • typically thinks negatively
  • higher rate of mortality
40
Q

what is the relationship between stress and physical health?

A
  • high stress weakens the immune system
  • can cause heart disease because blood vessels are less able to dialate
  • stress may cause people to engage in unhealthy coping behaviours
41
Q

why does where you live affect your health?

A
  • socioeconomic status
42
Q

what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A
  • belief that people are motivated by certain needs
  • some are more important than others
  • need to reach them in order
43
Q

theories of emotion

schachter-singer

A
  • emotions follow general patterns
  • levels of arousal can be interpreted differently based on the label it’s given
44
Q

theories of emotion

canon-bard

A
  • mind is independent of the body
  • hormones vs neural impulses
  • too many emotions for each to have a pattern
  • experienced separately
45
Q

theories of emotion

james-lange

A
  • physiological response tells us our emotional response
46
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

sensorimotor

A

birth - 2
- gain a sense of object permenance, motor control
- egocentric

47
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

preoperational

A

2 - 7
- language and symbols
- egocentric
- doesn’t understand theory of mind
- classify and categorize

48
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

concrete operational

A

7 - 12
- theory of mind
- no longer egocentric
- conservation of quantity

49
Q

Piaget’s stages of cognitive development

formal operational

A

12+
- think abstractly
- test hypotheses

PSYCH 102 (8 decks)

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