Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYCH 102 > 10 - Emotion and Motivation > Flashcards

10 - Emotion and Motivation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Emotion (or affect - affective disorder = emotion based disorder)

A

an immediate, specific negative or positive response to environmental events or internal thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary emotions

A

Emotions that are innate, evolutionarily adaptive, and universal (shared across cultures)
- associated with specific physical states

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Secondary emotions

A

blends of primary emotions
ex. remorse, quilt, submission, anticipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Feelings

A

the subjective experience of the emotion, not the emotion itself (ex. feeling scared)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mood

A

long-term emotional states
- do not have an identifiable trigger or specific behavioural and psychological response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alexithymus

if it’s so common, why is it not very visible?

A

a disorder in which people do not experience emotion’s subjective component
- usually comorbid with something else ex. autism or something that would be more visible than alexithymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Circumplex model

arousal

A
  • how activating an emotion is (brain and body activation)
  • physiological activation (ex. increased brain activity) or increased autonomic responses (ex. quick heart-rate, sweating, muscle tension)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Circumplex model

valence

A

how negative or positive an emotion is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

circumplex model of emotion

A
  • emotions categorized by valence and arousal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does the insula play a role in emotional experience?

A
  • receives and integrates somatosensory signals from the whole body
  • awareness of bodily states
  • particularly active when people experience disgust
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the amygdala play a role in emotional experience?

A
  • relay between sensory systems and systems responsible for behavioural, autonomic, and hormonal responses
  • processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioural reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some affects of a damaged amygdala in relation to emotional experience?

A
  • difficulty judging the intensity of fearful expressions and reacting to them
  • when they do distinguish the difference, they likley won’t use that information anyways
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the amygdala help with long-term memory?

A
  • emotional events are likely to increase activity in the amygdala and increased activity is likely to improve long-term memory for the event
  • modifies how the hippocampus consolidates memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

amygdala

Q: when wading in the ocean, you sense a dark figure under the water, so you freeze. When you realize it is your own shadow and not a shark, you relax. How did the fast and slow paths for visual info contribute to your emotional response?

A

2 ways info reaches the amygdala:
The first path processes info instantly (resulting in the fear respose) and the second path is more deliberate and thorough (reassures you it’s just your shadow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Theories of emotion

Common Sense Theory

A

body responds to emotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

theories of emotion

James-Lange Theory

A

bodily response causes emotional response (ex. seeing the bear causes your heart to race, and you perceive your racing heart as fear)
- believed there were patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

theories of emotion

Canon-Bard Theory

A
  • mind + body experience emotions independently
  • bodily response (hormones through the bloodstream) is slower than cognitive response (neural impulses)
  • believed there were too many emotions for them each to have a pattern
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

theories of emotion

Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory

A
  • physiological response to all emotional stimuli is essentially the same
  • arousal is interpreted differently based on the situation and the given label (people feel the need to search for the source of arousal and identify it)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Facial feedback hypothesis

A

idea that you can activate an emotion by molding your facial muscles into the associated expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Schachter-Singer Theory

Misattribution of arousal

A

when people misidentify the source of their arousal

21
Q

Q: What are two common, but unhelpful, ways that people try to control their emotions?

A

suppression and rumination

22
Q

Why are emotions adaptive?

(4)

A
  • prepare and guide behaviour
  • provide info about the importance of a stimuli
  • guide us in learning social rules
  • expressive emotions - communicate feelings to others
23
Q

what is the difference between Darwin and Ekman’s idea on whether emotion is cross-cultural

A

Darwin: believed emotions were innate and understandable between all cultures

Ekman: believes that facial expressions and what they signify are learned socially and vary from culture to culture

24
Q

Display Rules

A

rules learned through socialization that dictate which emotions are suitable in given situations
- govern how and when people exhibit emotions

25
Q

Ideal Affect

A
  • different cultures may value different emotional expressions
  • ideal affect: refers to the types of emotions that cultures value and encourage people to display
26
Q

Motivation

A
  • a process that energizes, guides, and maintains behaviour toward a goal
27
Q

What are the 4 qualities of motivation/motives

A

1) energizing - activate or arouse behaviour
2) directive - guides behaviour towards a goal
3) persistant - ex. continually hungry until you act on it
4) differs in strength - some things motivate stronger than others

28
Q

Athymhormia Syndrome

A

complete loss of motivation

29
Q

Clark Hull

Needs

A
  • a state of biological, social, or psychological deficiency
  • gives rise to arousal
30
Q

Maslow

Need Hierarchy

A

Maslow’s arrangement of needs, in which basic survival needs must be met before people can satisfy higher needs

30
Q

Maslow

self-actualization

A

a state that is achieved when one’s personal dreams and aspirations have been attained

31
Q

What are some problems with Maslow’s theory?

A
  • probably not hierarchal
  • no empirical support (hard to run studies on it)
  • quite Western (western societies are much more individualistic but this theory wouldn’t really apply to more collectivist societies)
31
Q

Clark Hull

Drive

A

psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy needs by creating arousal

31
Q

Clark Hull

Arousal

A

a generic increase in physiological behaviour

32
Q

Physiological Homeostasis

A

the tendency for bodily functions to maintain equilibrium

33
Q

Yerkes-Dodson Law

A

The psychological principle that performance on challenging tasks increases with arousal up to a moderate level. After that, additional arousal impairs performance
- too much or too little arousal isn’t good
- people differ in optimal level of arousal depending on their set-point (ex. Jessey has a high set-point for optimal arousal)

34
Q

what are the 4 steps of a negative feedback loop

A

1) system variable: the characteristic to be regulated
2) set point: optimum value of the system variable
3) detector: monitors the value of a system variable
4) correctional mechanism: process to reset system variable back to its set point

35
Q

Incentives

A

external stimuli that motivates behaviour (rather than internal drives)

36
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

performance motive, goal oriented

37
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

doing something because it brings you joy

38
Q

Approach motivation

A

motivates people to seek out things that make them feel good or that are adaptive (ex. X-ring)

39
Q

Avoidance motivation

A

motivates people to avoid things that may result in negative outcomes

40
Q

self-efficacy

A

the belief that efforts toward a goal will result in success

41
Q

self-efficacy

achievement need

A

the desire to do well
- varies between people

42
Q

self-regulation

A

how people control their behaviour to achieve life goals

43
Q

Q: When anxious, what type of social environment do people normally prefer and why?

A

they prefer to be around other people (preferably people who are anxious as well)

Social comparison theory: people observe others to see if they are responding to information appropriately

44
Q

cognitive dissonance

A

the unpleasant feeling of being aware of holding two conflicting beliefs or a belief that conflicts with a behaviour

45
Q

self-affirmation

A

a need for a sense of self that is coherent and stable

46
Q

core values

A

strongly helf beliefs about the enduring principles that are most important and meaningful. Values promote emotions and actions when they are aroused or threatened

PSYCH 102 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions