study guide review chapter 12

Question 1

are most of our cells somatic or sex cells?

Answer 1

most are somatic, sex cells are gametes

Question 2

how many chromosomes do somatic cells have in comparison to gametes?

Answer 2

somatic cells have two sets of chromosomes and gametes have half as many chromosomes as somatic

Question 3

during which phase is DNA replicated?

Answer 3

S for Synthesis phase

Question 4

interphase consists of?

Answer 4

G1, S, G2

Question 5

what happens during prophase? for mitosis

Answer 5

chromosomes condense

Question 6

what happens during metaphase? for mitosis

Answer 6

chromosomes line up single file in the middle

Question 7

what happens during anaphase? for mitosis

Answer 7

sister chromatids start to separate

Question 8

what happens during telophase? for mitosis

Answer 8

chromosomes far apart split into 2 daughter cells; cytokinesis occurs as well, which is splitting of cytoplasm

Question 9

what forms in animal cells vs plant cells during cytokinesis?

Answer 9

a cleavage furrow for animals vs a cell plate for plants

Question 10

which cells are diploid and which are haploid?

Answer 10

somatic cells are diploid and sex cells are haploid

Question 11

how many chromosomes do diploid cells have in comparison to sex cells?

Answer 11

diploid has 2 complete sets of chromosomes
haploid has 1, so if diploid has 40 then haploid has 20

Question 12

what is MPF and what does it do?

Answer 12

MPF is maturation promoting factor; it is a cyclin cdk (cyclin dependent kinase) that triggers a cells passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase; ushers in M phase in cell division if cyclin is not there