study guide review chap 9 Flashcards
what are the products of cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water and energy (ATP and heat)
is cellular respiration anaerobic or aerobic?
aerobic; uses oxygen and produces atp
what is fermentation?
partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen
what is oxidized and reduced in cellular respiration?
glucose becomes oxidized to carbon dioxide & oxygen becomes reduced to water
what are the products of glycolysis?
2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP
Cellular respiration and thermodynamic terms
Cellular respiration is spontaneous, no energy means exergonic, is catabolic, has negative delta G
what are products of alcohol fermentation?
2 pyruvate convert to 2 ethanol, you generate NAD, it releases CO2
what are products of lactic acid fermentation?
2 pyruvate convert to 2 lactate, you generate NAD, no CO2
substrate level phosphorylation occurs in
glycolysis and citric acid cycle
what are the three main steps of citric acid cycle?
glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
where does the citric acid cycle occur in terms of matrix?
citric acid cycle occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix
where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in terms of the matrix?
it occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane
what produces less ATP, oxidative or substrate level?
substrate level
for each molecule of glucose that is degraded to carbon dioxide and water by respiration, how many molecules of ATP are made?
32
what is the process of oxidative phosphorylation?
takes 3 phosphates and attaches them to ADP (phosphate is not free, is attached to a molecule with a substrate), involves electron transport chain and proton gradient and ATP synthase
what does electron transport chain make and not make?
it makes the proton gradient, but does not make ATP, the proton gradient is what drives ATP synthesis
what are products of the citric acid cycle?
1 atp, 1 fadh2, 3 nadh
what does the citric acid cycle do?
it completes the breakdown of pyruvate to carbon dioxide
what are the products of pyruvate oxidation?
you get a CO2, an NADH, and Acetyl CoA
what are characteristics of the electron transport chain?
electron transport chain has 4 complexes, NAD donates electrons to 1st complex, FADH bypasses it and donates to the 2nd complex
how many turns of the citric acid cycle produce glucose and what are the respective products?
2 turns, double products so, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH
can any fatty acids be burnt in glycolysis?
NO, FATTY ACIDS BECOME ACETYL CoA and ONLY GO IN CITRIC ACID CYCLE
what can enter glycolysis?
glycerol, sugars, and some amino acids, no fatty acids
what is the flow of protons in the electron transport chain?
protons flow from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane; from higher energy state to lower energy; opposite of the concentration gradient??
how many protons have to pass through ATP synthase to synthesize 1 ATP?
3 protons per 1 atp, so 9 protons for 3 atp
