study guide review chap 9 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the products of cellular respiration?

A

Carbon dioxide and water and energy (ATP and heat)

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2
Q

is cellular respiration anaerobic or aerobic?

A

aerobic; uses oxygen and produces atp

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3
Q

what is fermentation?

A

partial degradation of sugars that occurs without oxygen

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4
Q

what is oxidized and reduced in cellular respiration?

A

glucose becomes oxidized to carbon dioxide & oxygen becomes reduced to water

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5
Q

what are the products of glycolysis?

A

2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, 2 ATP

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6
Q

Cellular respiration and thermodynamic terms

A

Cellular respiration is spontaneous, no energy means exergonic, is catabolic, has negative delta G

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7
Q

what are products of alcohol fermentation?

A

2 pyruvate convert to 2 ethanol, you generate NAD, it releases CO2

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8
Q

what are products of lactic acid fermentation?

A

2 pyruvate convert to 2 lactate, you generate NAD, no CO2

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9
Q

substrate level phosphorylation occurs in

A

glycolysis and citric acid cycle

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10
Q

what are the three main steps of citric acid cycle?

A

glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

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11
Q

where does the citric acid cycle occur in terms of matrix?

A

citric acid cycle occurs inside the mitochondrial matrix

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12
Q

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in terms of the matrix?

A

it occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane

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13
Q

what produces less ATP, oxidative or substrate level?

A

substrate level

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14
Q

for each molecule of glucose that is degraded to carbon dioxide and water by respiration, how many molecules of ATP are made?

A

32

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15
Q

what is the process of oxidative phosphorylation?

A

takes 3 phosphates and attaches them to ADP (phosphate is not free, is attached to a molecule with a substrate), involves electron transport chain and proton gradient and ATP synthase

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16
Q

what does electron transport chain make and not make?

A

it makes the proton gradient, but does not make ATP, the proton gradient is what drives ATP synthesis

17
Q

what are products of the citric acid cycle?

A

1 atp, 1 fadh2, 3 nadh

18
Q

what does the citric acid cycle do?

A

it completes the breakdown of pyruvate to carbon dioxide

19
Q

what are the products of pyruvate oxidation?

A

you get a CO2, an NADH, and Acetyl CoA

20
Q

what are characteristics of the electron transport chain?

A

electron transport chain has 4 complexes, NAD donates electrons to 1st complex, FADH bypasses it and donates to the 2nd complex

21
Q

how many turns of the citric acid cycle produce glucose and what are the respective products?

A

2 turns, double products so, 6 NADH, 2 ATP, 2 FADH

22
Q

can any fatty acids be burnt in glycolysis?

A

NO, FATTY ACIDS BECOME ACETYL CoA and ONLY GO IN CITRIC ACID CYCLE

23
Q

what can enter glycolysis?

A

glycerol, sugars, and some amino acids, no fatty acids

24
Q

what is the flow of protons in the electron transport chain?

A

protons flow from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane; from higher energy state to lower energy; opposite of the concentration gradient??

25
Q

how many protons have to pass through ATP synthase to synthesize 1 ATP?

A

3 protons per 1 atp, so 9 protons for 3 atp