Study Guide Objectives

Question 1

is an ideology holding the United States as unique among nations in positive or negative connotations, with respect to its ideas of democracy and personal freedom.

Answer 1

American exceptionalism

Question 2

A situation in which there are only small differences in wealth between citizens

Answer 2

economic quality

Question 3

equal opportunity

Answer 3

the idea that every American has the same chance to influence politics and achieve economic success

Question 4

Institutions

Answer 4

The organization’s norms and rules that structure government

Question 5

Negative Liberty

Answer 5

freedom from constraints or the interference of others

Question 6

Bicameral

Answer 6

having two legislative houses or chambers-such as the house and the senate

Question 7

bill of rights

Answer 7

the first ten amendments to the constitution, listing the rights guaranteed to every citizen

Question 8

electoral college

Answer 8

The system established by the constitution to select the president: each state has a group of electors{equal in size to that of its conngragassional delegation in the house and the Senate. The public in each state votes for electors who then vote for the president.

Question 9

New Jersey plan look up more

Answer 9

put forward at the convention by small states, it left most government authority with the state governments

Question 10

Virginia plan look up more

Answer 10

Madison’s plan embraced by the constitutional convention delegates larger states, strengthened the national government relative to state governments

Question 11

Block grants

Answer 11

National government funding provided to state and local governments with few restrictions or requirements on spending

Question 12

Cooperative federalism

Answer 12

mingling government authority with functions overlapping across national and state governments

Question 13

Necessary and proper clause

Answer 13

constititutional declaration that defines Congress authority to exercise the necessary and proper powers to carry out it’s designated functions

Question 14

reserved powers

Answer 14

constitutional guarantee in the tenth amendment that the states retain government authority not ex[plicitdly granted to the national government

Question 15

Supremacy clause

Answer 15

constitutional declaration that national governments authority prevails over any conflicting state or local government’s authority, provided the power is granted to the local government

Question 16

Establishment clause

Answer 16

the first ammendments states that , the principal that government may not establish a religion

Question 17

Exclusionary rule

Answer 17

the ruling that evidence obtained in an illegal search may not be used in a trial

Question 18

Miranda warnings

Answer 18

A set of rights that police officers are required to inform suspects of, including the right to remain silent

Question 19

prior restraint

Answer 19

legal effort to stop speech before it occurs, censorship

Question 20

Selective incorporation

Answer 20

extending protections from the bill of rights to the states of governments, one right at a time