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2nd path test > Study guide lymphoid (Castleman) > Flashcards

Study guide lymphoid (Castleman) Flashcards

1
Q

Primary lymphoid tissue

A
  • T lymphocyte production
    • Thymus
  • B cell production
    • Bone marrow (primates and rodents)
    • Ileal Peyer’s Patche (ruminants, pigs, horses)
    • Bursa of Fabricius (birds)
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2
Q

Secondary lymphoid tissue

A
  • Lymph node
  • Spleen
  • MALT
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3
Q

Circulating lymphocytes enter lymph nodes via

A
  • high endothelial cell venules
    • to encounter antigens presented by APCs
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4
Q

Function of lymph nodes

A
  • Expose lymph borne antigen to blood borne lymphocytes
  • to enhance antigen detection and presentation
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5
Q

Cells of lymph nodes

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • Macrophages
  • interdigitating dendritic cells
  • follicular dendritic cells
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6
Q

Lymph node path changes

A
  1. enlargement (lymphadenomegaly)
  2. Size reduction
    • atrophy
    • hypoplasia
  3. Change in color
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7
Q

Localized lymphadenomegaly

A
  • localized infection
  • regional metastasis
  • antigenic stimulation
  • lymphoid/macrophage hyperplasia
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8
Q

Generalized lymphadenomegaly

A
  • Bacteremia/septicemia
  • chronic infectious disease
  • immune mediated disease
  • chronic systemic antigenic stimulatoin
  • metastatic neoplasia (carcinoma more likely than sarcoma)
  • lymphoid/macrophage hyperplasia
  • hemotropic parasitic disease
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9
Q

Diseases that cause lymphadenomegaly

A
  • Metastatic neoplasia
  • lymphoma
  • suppurative lymphadenitis
    • caseous lymphadenitis
    • cervical lymphadenitis
    • tularemia
  • chronic lymphadenitis
    • mycobacterium
    • fungal infections
    • blasto
    • coccidio
  • lymphoid hyperplasia
    • malignant catarrhal fever
    • bovine leukemia virus (BLV)
    • feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
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10
Q

Lymph node atrophy

A
  • lymphocytes lost due to degenerative changes, necrosis or apoptosis
  • causes
    • viral infections (canine distemper, parvo)
    • toxins (chemo drugs, ionizing radiation, malnutrition, cachexia)
    • glucocorticoids (endogenous or exogenous)
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11
Q

Lymph node hypoplasia

A
  • caused by fialure of LN to develop properly
  • normal architecture no (less) lympocytes
  • causes
    • primary immunodeficiency
      • CID in Arab foals
      • X-linked CID in basset hound dogs
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12
Q

Histo features:

atrophy of LN

A

generalized loss of lymphocytes from LNs due to necrosis or apoptosis

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13
Q

Histo features:

hyperplasia of lymph node

A
  • inc in lymphocytes
  • T cell proliferation
    • paracortical hyperplasia
  • B cell proliferation
    • follicular hyperplasia
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14
Q

Histo features:

suppurative lymphadenitis

A
  • infiltrated with neutrophils and necrotic debris
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15
Q

Histo features:

lymphoma

A
  • monoclonal population of cells
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16
Q

Histo features:

LN hypoplasia

A
  • generalized small LN
    • normal architecture
    • less lymphocytes present
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17
Q

Histo features:

Granulomatous lymphadenitis

A
  • obliteration of LN architecture by inflammatory cells
    • macs
    • multi-nucleated giant cells
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18
Q

GALT

Function

A
  • functions as primary and secondary lymphoid tissue
  • portal of entry for infectious agents
  • site of virus replication
  • Peyers patches
    • key producer of B cells in ruminants and pigs
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19
Q

Infectious agents of GALT

A
  • Rhodococcus equi
  • Chlamydia
  • Brucella abortus
  • Mycobacterium paratuberculosis
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20
Q

Viruses that replicate in GALT

A
  • bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
  • Canine parvovirus
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21
Q

Spleen anatomy/function

A
  • Red pulp
    • erythrocyte storage
    • antigen removal
    • hematopoiesis/erythropoiesis
    • erythrocyte destruction
  • White pulp
    • Acquired immunity
    • Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths: T-cells
    • Follicles: B cells
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22
Q

Uniform splenomegaly that’s bloody on cut section

A
  • congestion - terminal
    • associated with euthanasia
  • torsion
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23
Q

Uniform splenomegaly that’s not bloody on cut section

A
  • Bacteremia/septicemia
  • granulomatous splenitis
  • hemolytic anemia
  • lymphoma
  • extramedullary hempatopoiesis
  • amyloidosis, storage disease
24
Q

splenic nodules/masses

bloody on cut section

TQ

A
  • Hematoma
  • Hemangioma/hemangiosarcoma
  • Nodular hyperplasia with hyperemia
  • Splenic infarct
  • Incomplete splenic contraction
25
Q

Splenic Nodules/Masses

Firm, non-bloody on cut section

TQ

A
  • Nodular hyperplasia
  • Granulomatous splenitis, splenic abscess
  • Lymphoma
  • Metastatic neoplasm
26
Q

Thymus

structure and function

A
  • primary lymphoid organ
    • responsible for T cell development and maturation
  • cortex
    • primitive and maturing lymphocytes
  • medulla
    • Hassall’s corpuscles, myoid cells, thymic epithelia cells, dendritic cells, lymphocytes
27
Q

Small thymus path

A
  • thymic hypoplasia (CID)
  • maturation and aging (involution)
  • thymitis
  • thymic atrophy
    • viral dz
    • glucocorticoids
    • nutritional deficiency
    • toxins
28
Q

Large thymus path

A
  • thymic hemorrhage (young dog)
  • lymphoma
  • thymoma (epithelial component is neoplastic)
29
Q

Lymphoproliferative dz def

A
  • all neoplasms arising from lymphocytes
30
Q

Lymphoma def

A
  • malignant neoplasms of lymphocytes
31
Q

leukemia def

A
  • neoplasm of lymphocytes or hematopoietic cells arising from bone marrow
32
Q

Anatomic classification lymphoma

A
  • multicentric
  • thymic
  • alimentary
  • cutaneous
  • solitary
33
Q

immunophenotypic classification of lymphoma

A
  • B-cell
  • T-cell
  • other
34
Q

Pattern classification lymphoma

A
  • Diffuse
  • follicular
35
Q

Cytologic classification of lymphoma

A
  • Well differentiated
    • looks like mature lymphocytes
  • Poorly differentiated
    • looks immature: Large lymphocytes
36
Q

Lymphoma in Dogs

A
  • age 5-11 years old
  • gamma herpes virus associated with some B cell lymphomas
  • Distribution (most to least common)
    • multicentric: gen lymphadeonomegaly, liver and spleen, kidney, heart, tonsil, bone marrow, CNS
    • Alimentary: intestine and mesenteric LN
    • Thymic: thymus and cranial mediastinum, associated with hypercalcemia
    • Cutaneous: T cell cutaneous lymphoma, mycosis fungoides
    • Solitary: brain, lung, etc
37
Q

Lymphoma in Cats

A
  • most common neoplasm in cats
  • Distribution most to least common
    • Alimentary: jejunum/ileum, mesenteric LN, liver/kidney, often FeLV negative
    • Thymic: thymus and cranial mediastinum, often FeLV positive
    • Multicentric: generalized, liver/spleen, CNS, often FeLV positive
    • Solitary: often in kidneys
38
Q

Lymphoma in cattle

A
  • relatively common, most caused by Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV)
  • Distribution most to least common
    • Multicentric: most common BLV association, LN, right atrium and abomasum, epidural fat-can cause posterior paresis
    • Cutaneous
    • Thymic: adolescent cows, bone marrow involvement
    • Calf form: less than 6 mo, generalized nodes, bone marrow, blood, liver, spleen
    • Alimentary - rare
    • Solitary - spinal cord
39
Q

Thymoma

A
  • Thymic epithelial cells are key component
  • often occur in goats
  • locally invasive, but don’t usually metastasize
40
Q

Thymic lymphoma

A
  • neoplasm is exclusively of neoplastic lymphocytes
  • often metastasizes
41
Q

All of the following resultin decreased size of the thymus and LN except

  1. Parvovirus
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Corticosteroids
  4. Canine Distemper
  5. 1 and 4
A

Lymphoma

42
Q

A uniformly enlarged dog spleen that bleeds on the cut surface is most likely

  1. Hemangiosarcoma
  2. Hemangioma
  3. Lymphoma
  4. Congestion
  5. Nodular hyperplasia
A

congestion

43
Q

An irregular dark red nodule in a spleen that bleeds on cut surface could be all of the following except

  1. Hemangiosarcoma
  2. Hemangioma
  3. Granulomatous splenitis
  4. Hematoma
  5. Nodular Hyperplasia
A

Granulomatous splenitis

44
Q

Most common form of lymphoma in dogs?

A

Multicentric

45
Q

Right atrial lymphoma is most commonly found in

A

Cattle

46
Q

Most common form of lymphoma in cats

A

alimentary

47
Q

Viral agents have been associated with lymphoma in

  1. Cattle
  2. Cats
  3. Dogs
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 1, 2 and 3
A

all of them

48
Q

All of the following result in diffuse (generalized) splenomegaly EXCEPT

  • Histoplasmosis
  • Septic salmonellosis
  • Lymphoma
  • Hemangiosarcoma
  • Congestion
A

Hemangiosarcoma

49
Q

Which of the following viruses causes sytemic lymphoid atrophy?

  1. Canine parvo type 2
  2. canine distemper virus
  3. feline calicivirus
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 1, 2, and 3
A

canine parvo type 2 and canine distemper virus (1, and 2)

50
Q

Thymoma is a neoplasm of

  1. Thymic epithelial cells
  2. Thymic lymphocytes
  3. Thymic smooth muscle
  4. thymic macrophages
  5. 1 and 2
A

Thymic epithelial cells

51
Q

Which of the following are common sites for lymphoma in adult cattle with multicentric lymphoma?

  1. LN
  2. Abomasum
  3. Heart
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 1, 2, and 3
A

All of them

52
Q

All of the following commonly present with bloody nodular splenic masses in dogs except

  1. Hematoma
  2. Hemangioma
  3. Hemangiosarmcoma
  4. Lymphoma
  5. Splenic infarct
A

Lymphoma

53
Q

Which of the following diseases or infection can result in generalized lymphadenomegaly?

  1. Multicentric lymphoma
  2. Malignant catarrhal fever
  3. Feline immunodeficiency virus
  4. 1 and 2
  5. 1, 2, and 3
A

all of them

54
Q

Retrovirus infection has been identified as a cause of lymphoma in

  1. dogs
  2. cats
  3. cattle
  4. 1, 2 and 3
  5. 2 and 3
A

cats and cattle (2 and 3)

55
Q

All of the following often result in generalized (diffuse) splenomegaly in dogs except

  1. Histoplasmosis
  2. Septic salmonellosis
  3. Lymphoma
  4. Hematoma
  5. Congestion
A

Hematoma

56
Q

Which of the following is a morphologic diagnosis of the spleen?

  1. Lymphoma
  2. Hemangiosarcoma
  3. Chronic multi-focal granulomatous splenitis
  4. Focal acute infarct
  5. All of the above
A

Chronic multi-focal granulomatous splenitis

2nd path test (10 decks)

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