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Human Disease: Exam 2 > Study Guide: Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Study Guide: Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

A

1) T cells
2) B cells
3) Natural killer cells (NK)

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2
Q

What are the three types of granulocytes?

A

1) Eosinophils
2) Neutrophils
3) Basophils

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3
Q

What are the major cell types in blood?

A

1) Stem cells
2) RBCs
3) Megakaryocytes and platelets
4) WBCs

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4
Q

Where do the pluripotent hemopoietic blood stem cells reside?

A

Bone marrow

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5
Q

Phagocytic WBCs that are the main cell in acute inflammatory reactions.

A

Neutrophils

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6
Q

Phagocytic WBCs that increase in later stages in inflammation and play an important role in antigen presentation for immune response.

A

Monocytes

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7
Q

What are monocytes called in tissue?

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

What are the most numerous cells in blood?

A

RBCs (>99%)

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9
Q

What is the precursor for RBCs in bone marrow?

A

Erythroblasts

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10
Q

About what percentage of blood cells are WBCs?

A

less than 1%

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11
Q

How long do RBCs survive?

A

4 months (120 days)

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12
Q

Type of leukocyte that increases in allergic reactions and animal-parasite infections; phagocytoses Ag-Ab complexes.

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

What is the least common WBC?

A

basophils

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14
Q

Type of WBC that plays a role in allergies (like mast cells); contains histamine and heparin; can digest some bacteria and other foreign substances.

A

Basophils

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15
Q

What percentage of blood is plasma? What is plasma comprised of?

A

Half; mostly water, and main protein is albumin

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16
Q

What percentage of blood is cells? What types of cells (and how much of each type) comprise this?

A

Half; >99% RBCs, <1% platelets

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17
Q

What are the two most common types of WBCs in adult blood?

A

1) Neutrophils (65%)

2) Lymphocytes

18
Q

Why are neutrophils so numerous in blood?

A

They are important for rapid non-specific inflammatory reactions.

19
Q

Why are lymphoctytes so numerous in blood?

A

They are the key cells for immune reactions.

20
Q

The formation of all the blood cell types from bone marrow stem cells

A

Hematopoiesis

21
Q

What are the 4 major requirements for hematopoiesis?

A

1) protein
2) vitamin B12
3) folic acid
4) iron

22
Q

What is the most common leukocyte in children?

A

Lymphocytes

23
Q

Where are lymphocytes produced?

A

Lymph nodes and spleen

24
Q

Where do most cell-mediated and humoral defense reactions occur?

A

In lymph nodes

25
Q

True or false: Platelets are cells.

A

False; they are tiny bits of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

26
Q

True or false: Platelets have a relatively long survival time.

A

False. ~10 days

27
Q

What type of cell do all blood cells arise from?

A

A totipotent stem cell

28
Q

What are the two main groups of cells that come from totipotent stem cells to become blood cells?

A

1) Myeloid cells

2) Lymphoid cells

29
Q

What regulates RBC formation?

A

Oxygen content of arterial blood.

30
Q

Most common type of anemia

A

iron-deficient anemia

31
Q

What are the two main causes of iron-deficient anemia?

A

1) Blood loss

2) Low iron in diet

32
Q

True or false: Low vitamin B12 and folic acid can cause anemia.

A

True

33
Q

What type of anemias may occur because defective RBCs survive less well or something destroys RBCs

A

Hemolytic anemias

34
Q

What is a type of abnormal hemoglobin that is caused by a single mutation in the beta globin chain? What disease does it cause if one inherits both alleles?

A

Sickle cell Hb S; Sickle cell anemia

35
Q

What type of defective hemoglobin synthesis is due to low production of normal globin chains?

A

thalassemias

36
Q

What are the three major roles of the lymphatic system?

A

1) Immune reactions
2) Fluid balance
3) Fat absorption

37
Q

Common genetic disease of iron overload

A

Hemochromatosis

38
Q

True or false: Leukemias only result in lymphoid cells in bone marrow.

A

False; can be lymphoid or myeloid

39
Q

What is the most common adult leukemia in the western world?

A

CLL

40
Q

What is the most common childhood malignancy?

A

ALL from B cells

Human Disease: Exam 2 (37 decks)

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