Study Guide: Chapter 13

Question 1

What are the three types of lymphocytes?

Answer 1

1) T cells
2) B cells
3) Natural killer cells (NK)

Question 2

What are the three types of granulocytes?

Answer 2

1) Eosinophils
2) Neutrophils
3) Basophils

Question 3

What are the major cell types in blood?

Answer 3

1) Stem cells
2) RBCs
3) Megakaryocytes and platelets
4) WBCs

Question 4

Where do the pluripotent hemopoietic blood stem cells reside?

Answer 4

Bone marrow

Question 5

Phagocytic WBCs that are the main cell in acute inflammatory reactions.

Answer 5

Neutrophils

Question 6

Phagocytic WBCs that increase in later stages in inflammation and play an important role in antigen presentation for immune response.

Answer 6

Monocytes

Question 7

What are monocytes called in tissue?

Answer 7

Macrophages

Question 8

What are the most numerous cells in blood?

Answer 8

RBCs (>99%)

Question 9

What is the precursor for RBCs in bone marrow?

Answer 9

Erythroblasts

Question 10

About what percentage of blood cells are WBCs?

Answer 10

less than 1%

Question 11

How long do RBCs survive?

Answer 11

4 months (120 days)

Question 12

Type of leukocyte that increases in allergic reactions and animal-parasite infections; phagocytoses Ag-Ab complexes.

Answer 12

Eosinophils

Question 13

What is the least common WBC?

Answer 13

basophils

Question 14

Type of WBC that plays a role in allergies (like mast cells); contains histamine and heparin; can digest some bacteria and other foreign substances.

Answer 14

Basophils

Question 15

What percentage of blood is plasma? What is plasma comprised of?

Answer 15

Half; mostly water, and main protein is albumin

Question 16

What percentage of blood is cells? What types of cells (and how much of each type) comprise this?

Answer 16

Half; >99% RBCs, <1% platelets

Question 17

What are the two most common types of WBCs in adult blood?

Answer 17

1) Neutrophils (65%)

2) Lymphocytes

Question 18

Why are neutrophils so numerous in blood?

Answer 18

They are important for rapid non-specific inflammatory reactions.

Question 19

Why are lymphoctytes so numerous in blood?

Answer 19

They are the key cells for immune reactions.

Question 20

The formation of all the blood cell types from bone marrow stem cells

Answer 20

Hematopoiesis

Question 21

What are the 4 major requirements for hematopoiesis?

Answer 21

1) protein
2) vitamin B12
3) folic acid
4) iron

Question 22

What is the most common leukocyte in children?

Answer 22

Lymphocytes

Question 23

Where are lymphocytes produced?

Answer 23

Lymph nodes and spleen

Question 24

Where do most cell-mediated and humoral defense reactions occur?

Answer 24

In lymph nodes

Question 25

True or false: Platelets are cells.

Answer 25

False; they are tiny bits of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes

Question 26

True or false: Platelets have a relatively long survival time.

Answer 26

False. ~10 days

Question 27

What type of cell do all blood cells arise from?

Answer 27

A totipotent stem cell

Question 28

What are the two main groups of cells that come from totipotent stem cells to become blood cells?

Answer 28

1) Myeloid cells | 2) Lymphoid cells

Question 29

What regulates RBC formation?

Answer 29

Oxygen content of arterial blood.

Question 30

Most common type of anemia

Answer 30

iron-deficient anemia

Question 31

What are the two main causes of iron-deficient anemia?

Answer 31

1) Blood loss | 2) Low iron in diet

Question 32

True or false: Low vitamin B12 and folic acid can cause anemia.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What type of anemias may occur because defective RBCs survive less well or something destroys RBCs

Answer 33

Hemolytic anemias

Question 34

What is a type of abnormal hemoglobin that is caused by a single mutation in the beta globin chain? What disease does it cause if one inherits both alleles?

Answer 34

Sickle cell Hb S; Sickle cell anemia

Question 35

What type of defective hemoglobin synthesis is due to low production of normal globin chains?

Answer 35

thalassemias

Question 36

What are the three major roles of the lymphatic system?

Answer 36

1) Immune reactions 2) Fluid balance 3) Fat absorption

Question 37

Common genetic disease of iron overload

Answer 37

Hemochromatosis

Question 38

True or false: Leukemias only result in lymphoid cells in bone marrow.

Answer 38

False; can be lymphoid or myeloid

Question 39

What is the most common adult leukemia in the western world?

Answer 39

CLL

Question 40

What is the most common childhood malignancy?

Answer 40

ALL from B cells