Study Guide: Chapter 13 Flashcards
What are the three types of lymphocytes?
1) T cells
2) B cells
3) Natural killer cells (NK)
What are the three types of granulocytes?
1) Eosinophils
2) Neutrophils
3) Basophils
What are the major cell types in blood?
1) Stem cells
2) RBCs
3) Megakaryocytes and platelets
4) WBCs
Where do the pluripotent hemopoietic blood stem cells reside?
Bone marrow
Phagocytic WBCs that are the main cell in acute inflammatory reactions.
Neutrophils
Phagocytic WBCs that increase in later stages in inflammation and play an important role in antigen presentation for immune response.
Monocytes
What are monocytes called in tissue?
Macrophages
What are the most numerous cells in blood?
RBCs (>99%)
What is the precursor for RBCs in bone marrow?
Erythroblasts
About what percentage of blood cells are WBCs?
less than 1%
How long do RBCs survive?
4 months (120 days)
Type of leukocyte that increases in allergic reactions and animal-parasite infections; phagocytoses Ag-Ab complexes.
Eosinophils
What is the least common WBC?
basophils
Type of WBC that plays a role in allergies (like mast cells); contains histamine and heparin; can digest some bacteria and other foreign substances.
Basophils
What percentage of blood is plasma? What is plasma comprised of?
Half; mostly water, and main protein is albumin
What percentage of blood is cells? What types of cells (and how much of each type) comprise this?
Half; >99% RBCs, <1% platelets
What are the two most common types of WBCs in adult blood?
1) Neutrophils (65%)
2) Lymphocytes
Why are neutrophils so numerous in blood?
They are important for rapid non-specific inflammatory reactions.
Why are lymphoctytes so numerous in blood?
They are the key cells for immune reactions.
The formation of all the blood cell types from bone marrow stem cells
Hematopoiesis
What are the 4 major requirements for hematopoiesis?
1) protein
2) vitamin B12
3) folic acid
4) iron
What is the most common leukocyte in children?
Lymphocytes
Where are lymphocytes produced?
Lymph nodes and spleen
Where do most cell-mediated and humoral defense reactions occur?
In lymph nodes
True or false: Platelets are cells.
False; they are tiny bits of the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes
True or false: Platelets have a relatively long survival time.
False. ~10 days
What type of cell do all blood cells arise from?
A totipotent stem cell
What are the two main groups of cells that come from totipotent stem cells to become blood cells?
1) Myeloid cells
2) Lymphoid cells
What regulates RBC formation?
Oxygen content of arterial blood.
Most common type of anemia
iron-deficient anemia
What are the two main causes of iron-deficient anemia?
1) Blood loss
2) Low iron in diet
True or false: Low vitamin B12 and folic acid can cause anemia.
True
What type of anemias may occur because defective RBCs survive less well or something destroys RBCs
Hemolytic anemias
What is a type of abnormal hemoglobin that is caused by a single mutation in the beta globin chain? What disease does it cause if one inherits both alleles?
Sickle cell Hb S; Sickle cell anemia
What type of defective hemoglobin synthesis is due to low production of normal globin chains?
thalassemias
What are the three major roles of the lymphatic system?
1) Immune reactions
2) Fluid balance
3) Fat absorption
Common genetic disease of iron overload
Hemochromatosis
True or false: Leukemias only result in lymphoid cells in bone marrow.
False; can be lymphoid or myeloid
What is the most common adult leukemia in the western world?
CLL
What is the most common childhood malignancy?
ALL from B cells
