Study Guide Ch. 10

Question 1

Cerebrovascular disorders of sudden onset are called

Answer 1

Strokes (can cause brain damage)

Question 2

Define closed head injury

Answer 2

These are contusions that involve damage to the cerebral circulatory system (produced internal hemorrhaging which results in a hematoma)

Question 3

What is a concussion

Answer 3

Disturbance of consciousness following a blow to the head and there is no evidence of a contusion or other structural damage

Question 4

Describe the difference between generalized and partial seizures

Answer 4

Partial seizure= does not involve the whole brain

Generalized seizure= involve the entire brain

Question 5

What are the symptoms of full blown Parkinson’s disease

Answer 5

• Tremor that is pronounced during inactivity but not during voluntary movement or sleep
• Muscular rigidity
• Difficulty initiating movement
• Slowness of movement
• Masklike face
• Pain and depression occur before this

Question 6

What are the neurobiological and neurochemical changes associated with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 6

• Degeneration in the substantia nigra (midbrain nucleus whose neurons project via nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia)
• Little dopamine is released

Question 7

What are the symptoms of full blown Huntingtons disease?

Answer 7

• Rapid, complex, jerky movements of entire limbs (rather than individual muscles) begin to predominate
• Motor and intellectual deterioration become so sever that sufferers are incapable of feeding themselves, controlling their bowels, or recognizing their own children

Question 8

Describe the primary CNS dysfunction in multiple sclerosis

Answer 8

• Myelin of axons are attacked
• Microscopic areas of degeneration on myelin sheaths; but eventually damage to the myelin is so severe that the associated axons become dysfunctional and degenerate

Question 9

Describe the 3 defining neurobiological consequences of Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 9

• Neurofibrillary tangles: threadlike tangles of protein in neural cytoplasm
• Amyloid Plaques: Clumps of scar tissue composed of degenerating neurons and a protein called amyloid
• Neuron loss

Question 10

____________ Make up 20% of brain tumors, grow in meninges, are encapsulated and benign

Answer 10

Meningiomas