Chapter 13 Study Guide

Question 1

Describe the different sex chromosomes in males and females

Answer 1

Males=One X chromosome and one Y chromosome

Female=2 X chromosomes

Question 2

____________ are hormones that are synthesized from cholesterol and influence sexual development. They have multiple effects on cells because they _____________

Answer 2

Steroid hormones

Penetrate cell membranes

Question 3

_______ is the most common androgen and ________ is the most common estrogen

Answer 3

Testosterone

Estradiol

Question 4

What are androgens and estrogens?

Answer 4

Gonadal Hormones

Question 5

The adrenal cortex releases _____________

Answer 5

Sex steroids released by adrenal glands

Question 6

Hormones in the hypothalamus that stimulate the release of anterior hypothalamus hormones are called __________

Answer 6

Releasing hormones

Question 7

Have the brains of men and women been found to differ? If so, in what ways?

Answer 7

Yes, male brains are 15% larger; sex differences are not all or nothing as they are not masculinized or feminized as a whole

Question 8

The nucleus in the medial pre optic area of rat hypothalamus that is larger in males compared with females is called the ___________

Answer 8

Sexually dimorphic nucleus

Question 9

What are the gonads?

Answer 9

The male testes and the female ovaries