5.1,5.2,5.6,5.7

Question 1

fMRI measures the ______ signal

Answer 1

Bold

Question 2

fMRI has poor _____ resolution

Answer 2

Temporal

Question 3

Describe the MRI method that measures white matter connections among structures via water molecules

Answer 3

Diffusion tensor imaging measures white matter tracts or bundles of myelinated axons along which water rapidly diffuses

Question 4

True or False. PET and fMRI prove that brain activity is the cause of particular cognitive or behavioral functions

Answer 4

False. They can demonstrate a correlation between brain activity and behavior or cognitive activity, but do not prove that brain activity causes particular cognitive or behavioral result. However, TMS allows for causal inferences

Question 5

Which method tests the effect of “turning off” brain areas on cognition and/or behavior?

Answer 5

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 6

Describe the two types of information typically provided about average evoked potentials (AEPS). For instance, what does P300 mean?

Answer 6

• Direction (positive or negative) and latency

* P300-positive wave that occurs about 300 msec after presentation of a meaningful stimulus

Question 7

Would it be feasible to use MEG to measure activity in the thalamus?

Answer 7

No because it only measures structures close to surface of cortex

Question 8

What is the difference between a skin conductance level and a skin conductance response

Answer 8

• Skin conductance level= background level of skin conductance associated with particular situation
• Skin conductance response= Change in skin conductance in response to a specific experience

Question 9

With the sodium Amytal test, how is the dominant language hemisphere determined?

Answer 9

Dominant hemisphere for language is the hemisphere that demonstrates temporary muteness when subjected to anesthesia

Question 10

List some of the advantages of using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) instead of Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Answer 10

• fMRI does not require that radioactive substance is injected into a patient like PET does
• fMRI provides both structural and functional information in one image and PET does not
• fMRI has better spatial resolution
• fMRI produces 3 dimensional images of activity over the entire brain

Question 11

What are the two assumptions that guide cognitive neuroscience research?

Answer 11

• Each complex cognitive results from combined activity of single cognitive processes or constituent cognitive processes
• Each constituent cognitive process is mediated by neural activity in particular area of the brain

Question 12

What is the default mode network?

Answer 12

Brain structures active during rest (default mode) and less active during cognitive processes