study guide Flashcards
What is “intent” in torts?
a desire to cause the consequences of an act - does not require hatred
What is the intentional infliction of emotional distress?
Extreme and outrageous conduct intentionally or recklessly causing severe emotional distress. Hard to sue and win
What is public disclosure of private facts?
Highly offensive publicity given to private information about another person
What is the name of the tort where company A induces company B to breach a valid agreement with company C? If A is successful, what is C entitled to from A in such situation?
Tort Interference with Contractual Relations. Injured party entitled to economic loss from breach of contract.
What element, in addition to false statements made with knowledge of its falsity and with intent to induce another to act, is needed to have a claim for fraudulent misrepresentation?
Fraudulent misrepresentation imposes liability for monetary loss caused by a justifiable reliance on a misrepresentation of a fact intentionally made to induce relying party to act.
What is negligence?
- Conduct that fall below the standard established by law for the protection of others against unreasonable risk of harm
Which law governs the sale of good?
UCC- Uniform Commercial Code. It is governed by Article 2, Section A
What is a bilateral contract?
It is a contract in which both parties exchange promises.
2 Parts to Duress
2 Parts to Duress (forced):
Improper Threat: Voidable
Physical Compulsion: Void
When is a tort committed?
A civil wrong causing injury to persons, their property, or their economic interests. It is also committed when a duty is owed by one person.
When are business liable for the torts committed by their employees?
Businesses that conduct their business activities with employees are liable for the torts their employees commit within the scope of employment.
What standard of care is expected from those under 18 of age?
Must conform to conduct of a reasonable person of the same age, intelligence, and experience. Children engaging in dangerous activities usually undertaken by adults will be held to the same standard of care applicable to adults.
What duty does the law impose on a person as to others and their property?
A person is under duty to all others at all times to exercise reasonable care (what would a normal person do) for the safety of the others’ person and property; however, except in special circumstances, no one is required to aid another in peril. Duty to act arises within the scope of the relationship.
Do all contracts have to be in writing?
No they have contracts like implied in fact contract. For example// selling goods.
What is an offer?
- A proposal indicating a willingness to enter into a contract.
REASONABLE PERSON STANDARD: “Would a reasonable person believe an offer was made?”
A is B’s attorney. B wants to sell a house. A tells B that he will buy the house from him and do all the paperwork for a quit claim deed. B later finds that the house is worth a lot more than A paid. Can B back out of the contract of sale? Is the contract void?
- The contract is voidable. B was in a situation of trust with A, and therefore was undue influence. B can use this defense to back out of contract since she was in a vulnerable situation with attorney.
- It is not enough just because you’re in a situation of trust & vulnerable to say you were taken advantage of so the contract is voidable - MUST be able to PROVE someone took advantage (facts,etc.) while you were vulnerable
List the four conducts invalidating assent and their effect on a contract?
Duress by physical force : VOID Duress by improper threat : Voidable Undue influence : Voidable Fraud in the execution : VOID Fraud in the inducement : Voidable
What are punitive damages?
They are damages awarded in excess of normal compensation to punish a defendant for a serious civil wrong.
What are the ways that injuries may be inflicted in torts?
Injuries may be inflicted intentionally, negligently, or without fault (strict liability).
As to torts/wrongful conduct, what is the purpose of the law?
The purpose of tort law, unlike criminal law, is to compensate the injured party, not to punish the wrongdoer. (in more extreme cases punitive damages). Keep other people/ business from doing it. The purpose is to punish and deter.
When are punitive damages imposed?
when the defendant’s conduct has been intentional, outrageous, showing malice or a evil motive
According to the court in State farm, what is the purpose of imposing punitive damages?
Imposed to punish defendant and deter others