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RAT 1618 Physics 2- Nicole Calvin > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens to the energy spectrum when the kVp is decreased?

A

The amplitude and maximum voltage decrease

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2
Q

Area on the anode that DIRECTS the electrons to the focal spot during x-ray production

A

The focusing Cup

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3
Q

The x-ray intensity is less at the anode side of the x-ray beam than the cathode side of the x-ray beam. This is called

A

The heal effect

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4
Q

The low voltage on the x-ray tube

A

Creates the electrons

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5
Q

The following are component of the high voltage generator

A

Filament transform
High voltage transform
Voltage rectifier

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6
Q

The primary purpose of voltage rectification is

A

prevent electrons from striking the cathode

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7
Q

In an x-ray tube the electrons travel from

A

Cathode to Anode

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8
Q

Most x-rays produced in the target are

A

Bremsstrahlung

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9
Q

The probability of bremsstrahlung production is proportional to

A

to the Z square of the target materials

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10
Q

How will the x-ray energy spectrum change with an increase in mAs

A

Only the amplitude of the spectrum will increase

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11
Q

When filtration is added to an x-ray beam the average energy spectrum

A

shifts right and decreases amplitude

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12
Q

What is the first thing to happen in the production of characteristic x-rays

A

The orbital electron is ejected

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13
Q

Changing which of the following has the least effect on the average energy of the x-ray spectrum

A

mAs

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14
Q

The following is true of a modern x-ray tube

A

The anode is cooled by water and oil
it must have a vacuum
electrons are created by thermionic emission

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15
Q

Bremsstrahlung x-rays are created when

A

The incident electron loses energy

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16
Q

The x-ray tube mAs is a measure of the

A

charge produced

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17
Q

For a given energy beam, the penetration _______ with ______ atomic number

A

Increases, lower

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18
Q

Which of the following increases the quality of an x-ray beam

A

Increase filtration

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19
Q

Increasing filtration to an x-ray beam will decrease the

A

quantity of x-rays in the beam

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20
Q

Exposure is a measure of the

A

quantity of the beam

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21
Q

The intensity of the x-ray beam is directly proportional to the square of the

A

Potential, kVp

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22
Q

The intensity of the x-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the

A

Distance, d

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23
Q

The following affects x-ray quantity

A

Filtration
Beam Current
mAs

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24
Q

Increasing the energy of electromagnetic radiation is associated with

A

Increasing frequency

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25
Q

The double slit experiment is an example of how sub atomic particles

A

behave as a wave

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26
Q

The intensity of electrons created by photoelectric production can be increased by

A

Increasing frequency

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27
Q

When sub atomic particles are directed at a small single slit, the resulting distribution is

A

a single bunch pattern

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28
Q

The following will increase the number of photons in the x-ray spectrum

A

Increasing the atomic number, Z
Increasing the mAs
Increasing the kVp
Decreasing the filtration

29
Q

The efficiency of the x-ray production increases with

A

Increasing kVp

30
Q

When filtration is added to an x-ray beam the energy spectrum

A

Shifts right and decreases amplitude

31
Q

Increasing filtration to an x-ray beam will decrease the

A

Quantity of x-rays in the beam

32
Q

Which of the following will always increase the quality of an x-ray beam

A

Increases the kVp increase the filtration mAs has no effect

33
Q

What type of interaction produces a photon of equal energy to the initial photon

A

Coherent

34
Q

Which type of photon interaction requires a photon of at least 1.02 MeV

A

Pair Production

35
Q

Which type of radiation interaction is predominant at diagnostic radiographic energies

A

Photoelectric

36
Q

Which type of photon interaction is not inversely proportional to the photon energy

A

Pair Production

37
Q

What interaction does not result in complete absorption of the photon

A

Compton

38
Q

With which type of electrons does the photoelectric interaction usually occur

A

Inner shell electrons

39
Q

Which of the following is a possible product after photoelectron

A

Characteristic x-ray and auger electron

40
Q

The characteristic x-ray position will change location on the horizontal axis of the energy spectrum with a change in

A

Target material

41
Q

Properties of photons

A

frequency, wavelength, velocity, amplitude

42
Q

A reduction of radiation intensity due to scatter and absorption

A

attenuation

43
Q

The energy of a photon is directly proportional

A

to its frequency

44
Q

What is the source of radiation in an x-ray tube

A

the focal spot

45
Q

Heel affect is caused by

A

the angle of the anode

46
Q

The smaller the angle the

A

the larger the heel effect

47
Q

Kvp is proportional to

A

Intensity

48
Q

In an x-ray tube, the projectile is the _________

A

Electron

49
Q

All electrons have the same ______, therefore electron kinetic energy is raised by raising the ________

A

Mass, kvp

50
Q

Electrons traveling from cathode to anode constitute the x-ray tube current and are sometimes called ______ ________

A

Projectile Electrons

51
Q

The production of heat in the anode increases _______ with increasing x-ray tube current

A

Directly

52
Q

Doubling the x-ray tube current _______ the heat produced

A

Doubles

53
Q

Heat production increases _______ with increasing kvp, at least in the diagnostic range.

A

Directly

54
Q

Regardless of what mA is selected, the efficiency of x-ray production remains ________

A

Constant

55
Q

The efficiency of x-ray production increases with increasing ______

A

kvp

56
Q

If the projectile electron interacts with an inner shell electron of the target atom rather than with an outer shell electron, ________ x-rays can be produced

A

Characteristic

57
Q

The transition of an orbital electron from an outer shell to an inner shell accompanied by the emission ________

A

X-ray

58
Q

Similar characteristic x-ray are produced when the target atom is ________ by the removal of electrons of shells other than the K shell

A

Ionized

59
Q

The effective energy of characteristic x-ray ________ with increasing atomic number of the target element

A

Increases

60
Q

Bremsstrahlung radiation =

A

Bending radiation

61
Q

________ x-rays are produced when a projectile electron is slowed by the nuclear field of an target atom nucleus

A

Bremsstrahlung

62
Q

A projectile electron that completely avoids the orbital electrons as it passes through a target atom may come sufficiently close to the nucleus of the atom to come under the under the influence of its ________ __________

A

Electric field

63
Q

Bremsstrahlung x-rays can be considered radiation that results from the _________ of projectile electrons by the nucleus

A

Braking

64
Q

A change in mA or mAs results in a proportional change in the ______ of the x-ray emission spectrum at all energies

A

Amplitude

65
Q

When _____ is increased, the relative distribution of emitted x-ray energy shifts to the right to higher average x-ray energy. The maximum energy of x-ray emission always remains numerically equal to the ______

A

kvp (kvp)

66
Q

The ______ _______ of the target affects both the number (quantity) and the effective energy (quality) of x-rays

A

atomic number

67
Q

Increasing target ______ ________ enhances the efficiency of x-ray production and the energy of _______ & Bremsstrahlung x-rays

A

atomic number, Characteristic

68
Q

______ and __________ are target elements used for mammography

A

Molybdenum (Z=42) Rhodium (Z=45)

RAT 1618 Physics 2- Nicole Calvin (14 decks)

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