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RAT 1618 Physics 2- Nicole Calvin > Final Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Ability dto distinguish two separate objects and visually distinguish them from one another

A

Resolution

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2
Q

Small Objects = Higher (better resolution)
High Contrast Between (ex: line pariing test)
Sharp Interface (Line to space; step function)
Identify Separation (line pairs)
Defined by line pairs
(Related to occupying space)

A

Spatial Resolution

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3
Q 
Distinguish between Low & High 
Property of being noticeably different
Similar contrast objects
Any size and shape
Small change in size and density
A

Contrast

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4
Q

Unwanted, non useful signal
Obscures (hide) the useful signal
Audio- background hiss; difficult to hear words
Visually unclear; difficult to see detail

A

Noise

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5
Q

Noise can be sperated into (4) components, what are they?

A

Graininess
Structure Mottle
Quantum Mottle
Scatter Radiation

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6
Q 
Not Smooth
Grain-like particles "large particles"
Noise 
Depends on distribution and size of image 
(size and spacing of pixel size)
Smaller = less noise
A

Graininess

smaller pixel size = more detail = less noise

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7
Q

Noise comes in (2) types of Mottle what are they?

A

Structure & Quantum

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8
Q

Spots/smear- similar to graininess; structure of intensifing screen
Dependent on imaging system

A

Structure Mottle

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9
Q 
Random nature of radiation interaction with detector
More quanta (photons) = less Quantum Mottle
More data reduces Quantum Mottle
A

Quantum Mottle

Increasing the number of photons; increases the quality of the picture

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10
Q

Improved with: Detector close to object/ Use of screen grid

A

Scatter Radiation

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11
Q

Irregularity on an image that is not caused by the proper shadwoing of tissue by the primary x-ray beam

A

Artifacts (not part of the original object)

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12
Q

Image Receptor Artifacts are problems that include:

A

Dirt
Scratches
Pixel malfunction
Ghost images

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13
Q

What are solutions of image receptor artifacts?

A

Clean detectors

Replace the damaged receptors

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14
Q 
Window level
Window Width
Range/scaling
Image Compression 
Make sure enough data is available
A

Software Artifacts

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15
Q

How many cancer patients will receive radiation therapy during thier illness?

A

2/3

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16
Q

What is ASTRO responsible for?

A

Support national medical error reporting system
Improve the integration of equipment used in Rad Onc
Demonstrate respect for protecting the rights of patients and being responsive to patient needs and concerns

17
Q

How are the most common medical errors caused?

A

Faulty systems, processes and conditions that lead people to make mistakes or fail to prevent them

18
Q

What is James Reason model called

A

Swiss Cheese Model

19
Q

Point of contact where error is made

A

Active Error

Sips & Lapses/Mistakes

20
Q

Failures in design upstream in the process which allow inevitable active errors to cause harm

A

Latent Error

21
Q

Failures of planned behavior or lapse in concentration; attentional faliure

A

Slips

22
Q

Occur during competing sensory or emotional distractions, fatigue or stress

A

Slips

23
Q

Failures of memory; often occur during routine tasks

A

Lapses

24
Q

Violation
Work around
Path or least effort or cost
Sabotage

A

Active Error- Mistakes

25
Q

Inconrrect choices, lack of experience, insufficient training, negligence

A

Unintentional

26
Q

Violations

A

Intentional

27
Q

Active Error- Mistakes (knowgelge base errors)

A

Outside experience or training
No immediate solution- search options
Tendancy to acept first option

28
Q 
Society, culture, regulatory factors
Organization/managment 
Team factors
Enviornmental factors
Individual factors
A

Latent errors

29
Q

Ex: I didnt notice the bolus was not in place

A

Error classification: Skill based slips and lapses

30
Q

Ex: I know this patient, I dont need to read the perscription today

A

Error Classification: Rule based errors

31
Q

Ex: Increase dose rate to shorten treatment time

A

Error Classification: Rule based errors

RAT 1618 Physics 2- Nicole Calvin (14 decks)

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