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Human Architecture > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

common palmar digital arteries

A

parent: superficial palmer arch

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2
Q

pronation

A

C7, C8

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3
Q

Lower plexus injury (klumpke’s palsy)

A
  • arm forcibly abducted and pulled
  • stretches lower trunk and or c8/t1 spinal nerves
  • symptoms: paralysis of intrinsic hand muscles (complete claw hand); sensory loss over the medial arm, forearm, and hand
  • median nerve is effected
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4
Q

Anterior humeral circumflex

A

parent: axillary artery

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5
Q

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

A

radial, median, and lateral + medial pectoral

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6
Q

flexor carpi radialis

A

attachments:

  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

innervation:
- median nerve

Action:
Flexion and abduction of hand

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7
Q

The general scheme then is that the shoulder muscles are C5 and C6 (except the pectoralis major brings in C7 and latissimus dorsi brings in C7 and C8). The flexor arm is C5 and C6 while extensor arm is C7 and C8. As we get into the forearm, C5 goes away and C8 is added. Finally, the intrinsic hand muscles are all C8 and T1 (mostly T1).

A

The general scheme then is that the shoulder muscles are C5 and C6 (except the pectoralis major brings in C7 and latissimus dorsi brings in C7 and C8). The flexor arm is C5 and C6 while extensor arm is C7 and C8. As we get into the forearm, C5 goes away and C8 is added. Finally, the intrinsic hand muscles are all C8 and T1 (mostly T1).

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8
Q

gluteal region nerves

A

gluteal region nerves

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9
Q

Metacarpals and phalanges

A
  • Metacarpals form the palm

- Phalanges: proximal (to metacarpals), middle, and distal

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10
Q

median

A

origin: medial and lateral cords

spinal segments: c5 to c7 via lateral cord; c8, t1 via medial cord

motor: all muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), three thenar muscles of the thumb and two lateral lumbrical muscles
cutaneous: palmer surface of the lateral three and one-half digits and over the lateral side of the palm and middle of the wrist

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11
Q

flexor digitorum profundus

A

attachments:

  • Ulna and interosseous membrane
  • Four tendons → distal phalanges of digits 2-5

innervation:

  • Lateral half – median nerve (anterior interosseous)
  • Medial half – ulnar nerve

Action: Flexion of MP and distal IP joints, wrist

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12
Q

radial nerve innervations

A

BEST:

Brachioradialis
Extensors
Supinator
Triceps

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13
Q

wrist extension

A

C6

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14
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

attachments:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension and abduction of hand

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15
Q

pectoralis minor

A

attachments:

  • Ribs and costal cartilages 3-5
  • Coracoid process of scapula

innervation:
- Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Action:
-Depression and protraction of the scapula

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16
Q

semimembranosus

A

attachments:

  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Medial tibia

innervation:
- Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

action:
-Flexion of the leg and extension of the thigh

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17
Q

cephalic vein

A
  • superficial
  • radial side
  • pathway up through forearm/arm
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18
Q

radioulnar joint injury

A
  • common in children

- head of radius can slip through

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19
Q

Extensor digiti minimi

A

attachments:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Extensor hood of the digit 5

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension of the little finger

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20
Q

Upper plexus injury (erb’s palsy)

A
  • Forcibly increased angle between neck and shoulder
  • common injury during delivery
  • stretches upper trunk and/or C5/C6 spinal nerves
  • symptoms: adducted and medially rotated arm; extended elbow, flexed wrist, sensory loss on lateral arm, forearm and hand (waiter’s tip posture going backwards)
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21
Q

pectoral nerves

A

“Lateral is less, medial is more”

Lateral pectoral nerve goes through pectoralis major, while medial pectoral nerve goes though both pectoralis major and minor.

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22
Q

Carpals

A 
Straight Line To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb
-proximal to wrist
 scaphoid
 lunate
 triquetrum
 pisiform
-distal to wrist
 hamate
 capitate
 trapezoid
 trapezium
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23
Q

Superficial palmer arch

A

parent: ulnar artery

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24
Q

dorsal venous arch of the hand

A
  • superficial

- runs across one side of the hand to the other

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25
Q

brachialis

A

attachments:

  • Anterior humerus
  • Coronoid process of ulna

innervation:
-Musculocutaneous nerve

Action:
-Flexion of forearm

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26
Q

Supraclavicular branches

A

Supraclavicular branches

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27
Q

Extensor pollicis brevis

A

attachments:

  • Radius and interosseous membrane
  • Proximal phalanx of the thumb

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension of the thumb

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28
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

A

Intrinsic muscles of the hand

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29
Q

Unicorn

A

ulnar: c8, t1

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30
Q

lateral thoracic

A

parent: axillary artery

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31
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

attachments:

  • Pisiform
  • Proximal phalanx of digit 5

innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action: Abducts digit 5

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32
Q

Lateral Cord Branches mnemonic

A

LLM “Lucy Loves Me” - the lateral pectoral, lateral root of the median nerve, musculocutaneous

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33
Q

quadratus femoris

A

attachments:

  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Greater trochanter of the femur

innervation:
- Nerve to quadratus femoris

action:
-Lateral rotation of the thigh

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34
Q

rhomboid major

A

attachments:

  • T2-T5 vertebrae
  • Medial border of scapula

innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve

Action:
-Elevation and retraction the scapula

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35
Q

which branches of brachial plexus are purely muscular?

A

answer

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36
Q

medial cutaneous of arm

A

origin:

spinal segments: t1

cutaneous: medical side of distal one-third of arm

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37
Q

synovial sheaths

A
  • minimizes friction where long tendons contact other structures (think carpal tunnel)
  • Ulnar bursa: ulnar/medial portion of metacarpals down to digit V; follows FDS and FDP as the crowd the wrist
  • radial bursa: radial portion; follows flexor policies longus
  • separate finger sheaths for phalanges for digits II-IV
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38
Q

Colle’s fracture

A
  • a break of the distal radius
  • fall on outreached hand
  • dinner folk deformity, hand cups upward
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39
Q

Muscles inserting into humerus

A

“A lady between two majors”

Pectoralis major attaches to lateral lip of bicipital groove, the teres major attaches to medial lip of bicipital groove, and the latissimus dorsi attaches to the floor of bicipital groove. The “lati” is between two “majors”

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40
Q

Spinal level of Radial

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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41
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Rotator cuff muscles

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42
Q

lacteral pectoral

A

origin:

spinal segments: c5 to c7

motor: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

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43
Q

palmaris longus

A

attachments:

  • Medial epicondyle of humerus
  • Palmar aponeurosis of hand

innervation:
-median nerve

Action:

  • Flexion of hand
  • Tenses palmar aponeurosis when gripping
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44
Q

inability to turn right palm upward against resistance (supination); limited ability to flex his elbow. which nerve is most likely injured?

A
  • musculocutaneous nerve: innervates biceps which flex elbow and does supination
  • in pronation, radial bone flips over
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45
Q

branches of brachial plexus

A

Branches of brachial plexus

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46
Q

acromioclavicular ligament

A
  • between the distal end of clavicle and acromion processes of the scapula
  • strengthens the acromioclaviscular joint superiorly
  • dislocation = shoulder separation
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47
Q

Median Nerve

A
  • Muscular and cutaneous components
  • goes through carpal tunnel
  • Palmer branch: branches off before carpal tunnel so should not be affected by any carpal tunnel injuries
  • Common digital branches go from thumb to the radial side of the ring finger
  • recurrent branch serves the thenar muscles
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48
Q

Coracoclavicular ligament

A
  • trapezoid ligament and conoid ligament
  • anchors the clavicle to the coracoid process
  • tear of ligament = separation of coracoid and clavicle
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49
Q

medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

medial forearm from elbow to wrist

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50
Q

gluteus medius

A

attachments:

  • Ilium
  • Greater trochanter

innervation:
-Superior gluteal nerve

action:

  • Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh
  • prevents pelvic drop when leg is raised
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51
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

parent: subscapular

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52
Q

teres minor

A

attachments:

  • Lateral border of the scapula
  • Greater tubercle of the humerus

innervation:
-Axillary nerve

Action:
-Lateral rotation of arm

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53
Q

gluteus maximus

A

attachments:

  • IIium, sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
  • Iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity

innervation:
-Inferior gluteal nerve

action:
-Extension and lateral rotation of the thigh

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54
Q

shoulder extension

A

C6, C7, C8

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55
Q

shoulder flexion

A

C5

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56
Q

motor and sensory deficits consistent with an axillary nerve injury; which motor defects will be most evident?

A
  • axillary nerve innervates the teres minor (lateral rotation) and deltoid muscle (abduction)
  • leads to diminished abduction and lateral rotation of the arm
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57
Q

levator scapulae

A

attachments:

  • C1-C4 vertebrae
  • Superior angle of the scapula

innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve

Action:
-Elevation of the scapula

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58
Q

posterior interosseous

A

parent: common interosseous

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59
Q

Infraspinatus

A

attachments:

  • Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
  • Greater tubercle of the humerus

innervation:
- Suprascapular nerve

Action:
-Lateral rotation of arm

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60
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

attachments:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
  • Base of 5th metacarpal

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension and adduction of wrist

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61
Q

shoulder abduction

A

C5

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62
Q

Spinal level of Long thoracic

A

C5, C6, C7

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63
Q

supraspinatus

A

attachments:

  • Supra-spinous fossa of the scapula
  • Greater tubercle of the humerus

innervation:
-Suprascapular nerve

Action:
-Initiation of abduction of arm to 15°

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64
Q

coracobrachialis

A

attachments:

  • Coracoid process
  • Mid-shaft of humerus

innervation:
-Musculocutaneous nerve

Action:
-Flexion of arm

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65
Q

radial nerve

A
  • from posterior cord
  • C5-T1
  • serves the posterior (extensor) compartment of the arm and forearm
  • runs along radial groove of humerus
  • supplies triceps, anconeus, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor indicts, abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, and supinator
  • superficial branch is cutaneous only
  • deep branch = posterior interosseous nerve is muscular only
  • extensive cutaneous field in the posterior arm, forearm, and hand
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66
Q

Shoulder joint

A

Shoulder joint:

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67
Q

nerve fields and injuries

A

-deficits that overlap several dermatomes then the problem is probably ij the lower plexus or in a particular nerve branch

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68
Q

medial brachial nerve

A

medial upper/axillary arm

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69
Q

common interosseous

A

parent: ulnar artery

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70
Q

long thoracic

A

origin: c5 to c7 central rami

spinal segments: c5 to c7

motor: serrates anterior

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71
Q

Transverse scapular ligament

A 
Army over (bridge)
Navy under (bridge)

Artery goes over and Nerve goes under the ligament

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72
Q

branches from the medial cord

A

branches from the medial cord

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73
Q

Medial Cord Branches mnemonic

A

MMMUM “Most Medical Men Use Morphine” - medial pectoral, medial cutaneous nerve of arm, medial cutaneous nerve of forearm, ulnar, the medial root of the median nerve

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74
Q

Arm muscles

A

Arm muscles

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75
Q

Lonely Three Musketeers

A

long thoracic: c5, c6, c7

musculocutaneous: c5, c6, c7

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76
Q

Other shoulder muscles:

A

Other shoulder muscles:

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77
Q

latissimus dorsi (thoracolumbar fascia

A

attachments:

  • Thoracolumbar fascia to lower thoracic vertebra and iliac crest
  • Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

innervation:
-Thoracodorsal nerve

Action:
-Adduction, medial rotation, and extension of the arm

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78
Q

finger abduction/adduction

A

T1

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79
Q

Brachioradialis

A

attachments:

  • Supracondylar ridge of humerus
  • Distal radius

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action: Flexion of forearm when forearm is mid-pronated

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80
Q

baby hand is pulled while existing the womb; nerve deficient does not improve w/age. Describe muscle findings:

A
  • elevation of scapula: normal
  • abduction of arm: normal
  • flexion of the forearm: normal

the above three are innervated by muscular cutaneous nerve

  • opposition of thumb= decreased
  • abduction of fingers= decreased
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81
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • from lateral cord
  • C5, C6, and C7
  • serves the flexor compartment of the arm
  • supplies: biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis
  • ends as the cutaneous nerve of the forearm
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82
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

attachments:

  • Ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
  • Base of 1st metacarpal

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Abduction and extension of the thumb

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83
Q

deltoid

A

attachments:

  • Spine and acromion of the scapula; lateral clavicle
  • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

innervation:
- Axillary nerve

Action:

  • Abduction of arm (from 15° to 90°)
  • Flexion of arm (anterior fibers)
  • Extension of arm (posterior fibers)
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84
Q

thoracodorsal

A

origin:

spinal segments: c6 to c8

motor: latissimus dorsi

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85
Q

Abductor pollicis brevis

A

attachments:

  • Carpals and flexor retinaculum
  • Proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb

innervation:
-Recurrent branch of median nerve

action: Abduction of thumb

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86
Q

anular ligament

A
  • attached to the radial notch of the ulna

- loops around the head and neck of the radius

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87
Q

rotator cuff injury; prevents pitching in baseball; rotator cuff surgery; which plexus structures must be anesthetized in this procedure?

A

-c5 and c6 ventral rami/ lower trunk

88
Q

thoracoacromial

A

parent: axillary artery

89
Q

axillary artery branches

A

“Save The Lions And Protect Species”

Supreme/Superior Thoracic Artery
Thoracoacromial Artery
Lateral Thoracic
Anterior Circumflex Humeral
Posterior Circumflex Humeral
Subscapular (Thoracodorsal and Circumflex scapular)
90
Q

protraction of scapula/ winged scapula. What muscle holds scapula against body?

A

serrates anterior and long thoracic nerve

91
Q

Extensor digitorum

A

attachments:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Four tendons → extensor hoods of digits 2-5

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension of the fingers and wrist

92
Q

axillary

A

origin:

spinal segments: c5, c6

motor: deltoid, teres major
cutaneous: upper lateral part of arm

93
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

attachments:

  • Ulna and interosseous membrane
  • Distal phalanx of thumb

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Extension of the thumb

94
Q

trapezius

A

attachments:

  • Posterior skull; C7 to T12 vertebrae
  • Spine and acromion of the scapula; lateral clavicle

innervation:

  • Motor - accessory nerve (CN XI)
  • Proprioception - ventral rami of C3 and C4

Action:

  • Elevation (upper fibers), depression (lower fibers) and retraction (middle fibers) of the scapula.
  • Lateral rotation of the scapula (points glenoid cavity up)
95
Q

elbow joint

A

elbow joint

96
Q

flexor pollicis longus

A

attachments:

  • Radius and interosseous membrane
  • Distal phalanx of thumb

innervation:
-median nerve

Action: Flexes MP and IP joint of the thumb

97
Q

Cannot flex the 4th and 5th digits of left hand. Which nerve is most likely damaged?

A

Ulnar

98
Q

inferior gemellus

A

attachments:

  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Greater trochanter of the femur

innervation:
- Nerve to quadratus femoris

action:
-Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

99
Q

supination

A

C6

100
Q

Nerves of the hand

A

Nerves of the hand

101
Q

rotator cuff injury; prevents pitching in baseball; which muscles are involved in this injury?

A

SITS

-infraspinatus, supraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

102
Q

thumb opposition

A

C8, T1

103
Q

arteries of gluteal region

A

arteries of gluteal region

104
Q

pronator teres

A

attachments:

  • Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna
  • Mid-shaft of radius

innervation:
-Median nerve

Action:
-pronation of forearm

105
Q

Adductor pollicis

A

attachments:

  • Metacarpals and capitate
  • Proximal phalanx and extensor hood of thumb

innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action: Adduction of thumb

106
Q

tingling and numbness over thumb, index, and middle finger. Occasional pain over her wrist. Pain when making.a fist, but grip muscle strength is normal.

treatment w/ corticosteroid into her carpal tunnel. The goal is to reduce the inflammation of the synovial sheaths surrounding which tendons?

A
  • flexor digitorum tendons
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
107
Q

posterior humeral circumflex in the quadrangular space

A

parent: axillary artery

108
Q

obturator internus

A

attachments:

  • Obturator membrane and surrounding bone
  • Greater trochanter of the femur

innervation:
- Nerve to obturator internus

action:
-Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

109
Q

finger flexion

A

C8

110
Q

Nerve to cubclavius

A

origin: superior trunk

spinal segments: c5, c6

motor: subclavius

111
Q

baby hand is pulled while exiting the womb; which brachial plexus is most likely injured?

A

lower plexus inferior trunk of brachial plexus; median nerve affected

112
Q

posterior humeral circumflex

A

parent: axillary artery

113
Q

pronator quadratus

A

attachments:

  • Distal anterior ulna
  • Distal anterior radius

innervation:
-median nerve

Action: pronation of the forearm

114
Q

Ulnar Nerve

A
  • Muscular and cutaneous components
  • deep part supplies hypthenar muscles
  • superficial part gives rise to branches that go to the little finger and ulnar side of ring finger
  • innervates all interossei muscles in hand, adductor pollicis, and lumbricals 3 & 4
115
Q

Palmar interossei (three muscles)

A

attachments:

  • Metacarpals
  • Extensor hoods of digits 2,3 and 5

innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action: Adduction of digits 2,3 and 5

116
Q

upper (superior) subscapular

A

spinal segments: c5, c6

motor: subscapularis

117
Q

radial

A

origin:

spinal segments: c5 to t1

motor: all muscles in the posterior compartments
cutaneous: posterior aspects of the arm and forearm, the lower lateral surface of the arm, and the dorsal lateral surface of the hand

118
Q

Posterior Cord Branches mnemonic

A
  • STAR - subscapular (upper and lower), thoracodorsal, axillary, radial
  • ULTRA - upper subscapular, lower subscapular, thoracodorsal, radial, axillary
119
Q

basilic vein

A
  • superficial
  • ulnar side
  • pathway up through forearm/arm
120
Q

Posterior thigh

A

Posterior thigh

121
Q

weakness of left hand and wrist; left hand and fingers are noticeably flexed; low thumb abduction, wrist extension, and supination. What nerve is affected?

A

radial nerve affected

122
Q

gluteus minimus

A

attachments:

  • Ilium
  • Greater trochanter

innervation:
-Superior gluteal nerve

action:

  • Abduction and medial rotation of the thigh
  • prevents pelvic drop when leg is raised
123
Q

Erector spine:

A

extends the vertebral column during bilateral contraction and laterally flexes it during unilateral contraction. These muscles do not rotate the vertebral column.

124
Q

wrist flexion

A

C7

125
Q

Flexor pollicis brevis

A

attachments:

  • Trapezium and flexor retinaculum
  • Proximal phalanx of the thumb

innervation:
-Recurrent branch of median nerve

action: Flexion of thumb at MP joint

126
Q

Palmaris brevis

A

attachments:

  • Palmar aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
  • Skin on the medial hand

innervation:
- Superficial ulnar nerve

action: Improves grip

127
Q

Supinator

A

attachments:

  • Lateral epicondyle of humerus and ulna
  • Lateral radius

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:
Supination of forearm

128
Q

carpal tunnel

A

contains:

  • flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4x)
  • flexor digitorum superficialis tendons (4x)
  • flexor pollicis longus tendon
  • median nerve
129
Q

Branches from the lateral cord

A

branches from the lateral cord

130
Q

Suprascapular

A

origin: superior trunk

spinal segments: C5, C6

motor: supraspinatus, infraspinatus

131
Q

Branches from the posterior cord

A

Branches from the posterior cord

132
Q

Opponens digiti minimi

A

attachments:

  • Hamate and flexor retinaculum
  • 5th

innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action: Laterally rotates 5th metacarpal

133
Q

pectoralis major,

A

attachments:
-Clavicular head: medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: sternum; first six costal cartilages
- Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

innervation:
- Medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Action:
-Adduction and medial rotation of arm
Clavicular head: flexion of extended arm
Sternocostal head: extension of flexed arm

134
Q

triceps brachii (long, lateral and medial heads)

A

attachments:
-Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Medial and lateral heads: posterior humerus
- Olecranon of the ulna

innervation:
-Radial nerve

Action:
-Extension of forearm at the elbow joint.

135
Q

dorsal scapular

A

origin: C5 ventral ramus

spinal segment: C5

motor: rhomboid major, rhomboid minor, levator scapulae

136
Q

Cannot flex the 4th and 5th digits of left hand. cutaneous sensory loss would include skin overlying?

A

hamate

137
Q

dorsal scapular

A

parent: Subclavian artery

138
Q

protraction of scapula/ winged scapula. where most likely to experience cutaneous numbness or paresthesia?

A

there will be no cutaneous sensory deficit

139
Q

Profunda brachii (deep brachial)

A

parent: brachial artery

140
Q

elbow extension

A

C7, C8

141
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (3 greater tubercle; 1 lesser tubercle)

A

SITS:

Superspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

142
Q

axillary nerve

A
  • passes through the quadrangular space to gain access to the posterior shoulder.
  • innervates the deltoid and trees minor muscles
  • has a cutaneous field on the shoulder
143
Q

not able to flex or abduct fingers. Thumb flexion and extension is weak and cannot oppose this thumb. Injury is at what level?

A

C8

144
Q

rhomboid minor

A

attachments:

  • C7 and T1 vertebrae
  • Medial border of scapula

innervation:
- Dorsal scapular nerve

Action:
-Elevation and retraction the scapula

145
Q

Flexor digiti minimi

A 
attachments:
- Hamate and flexor retinaculum
- Proximal phalanx of digit 5
innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action:Flexes digit 4

146
Q

Spinal level of Musculocutaneous

A

C5, C6, C7

147
Q

Extensor indicis

A

attachments:

  • Ulna and interosseous membrane
  • Extensor hood of index finger

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action:Extension of index finger

148
Q

Axillary artery

A

parent: Subclavian artery

149
Q

flexor digitorum superficialis

A

attachments:

  • Medial epicondyle of humerus, ulna and radius
  • Four tendons → middle phalanges of digits 2-5

innervation:
-median nerve

Action: Flexion of MP, and proximal IP joints and wrist

150
Q

Radial artery

A

parent: Brachial artery

151
Q

dermatomes and injuries

A

-deficits that stays contained to particular dermatome, problem is high up such as a spinal cord, nerve, of upper plexus problem.

152
Q

upper extremity mnemonics

A

upper extremity mnemonics

153
Q

Thenar group

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • Flexor pollicis brevis
  • Opponens pollici brevis
  • radial artery
154
Q

Identify the Triceps hiatus (triangular interval ):

A

between the two heads of the triceps muscle, and inferior to the teres major.

155
Q

elbow flexion

A

C5, C6

156
Q

thumb adduction

A

T1

157
Q

Subscapular

A

parent: axillary artery

158
Q

lower (inferior) subscapular

A

origin:

spinal segments: c5 , c6

motor: subscapularis, teres major

159
Q

tingling and numbness over thumb, index, and middle finger. Occasional pain over her wrist. Pain when making.a fist, but grip muscle strength is normal. Which is the likely site of nerve compression?

A

-median nerve deep to the flexor retinaculum

carpal tunnel syndrome

160
Q

ulnar nerve

A
  • from medial cord
  • C8 and T1
  • posterior to the medial epicondyle
  • serves the flexor compartment of the forearm and intrinsic muscles of the hand
  • supplies: flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, lumbricals 3 and 4, all interossei, and palmaris brevis
  • cutaneous on the medial hand
161
Q

Deep palmer arch

A

parent: Radial Artery

162
Q

Quadrangular space (hand):

A

superiorly by the teres minor, inferiorly the teres major, medially by the long head of the triceps and laterally the surgical neck of the humerus

163
Q

Hand

A

“PAD”: Palmar (hand) muscles ADduct
“DAB”: Dorsal (hand) muscles ABduct

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Adductor policis
Opponens pollicis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
164
Q

radioulnar joint injury

A
  • common in children
  • head of radius can slip through the anular ligament
  • pulled elbox
165
Q

semitendinosus

A

attachments:

  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Medial tibia

innervation:
- Tibial division of the sciatic nerve

action:
-Flexion of the leg and extension of the thigh

166
Q

scaphoid fractures

A

-blood supply in hand usually goes to distal end so break can vascularly isolate the proximal end. Avascular necrosis can result

167
Q

Spinal level of Thoracordosal

A

C6, C7, C8

168
Q

Spinal level of Axially

A

C5, C6

169
Q

Supper Assassin

A

Suprascapular: c5, c6

Axillary: C5, c6

170
Q

Veins of hand

A

Veins of hand

171
Q

lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve

A

Lateral forearm from elbow to wrist

172
Q

hand in prone position. Attempts to supine causes moderate pain. Pulled girl by hand = cause of injury. Which structures is most likely injured? (pulled elbow/ common in kids)

A

annular ligament

173
Q

glenoid labrum

A

-cartilaginous rim around the circumference of the glenoid fossa deepens the fossa to stabilize the joint

174
Q

hypothenar group

A
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • ulnar artery
175
Q

Spinal level of Upper and lower subscapular

A

C5, C6

176
Q

Dorsal interossei (four muscles)

A

attachments:

  • Metacarpals
  • Extensor hood of digits 2-4

innervation:
-Deep branch of ulnar nerve

action:Abduction of digits 2-4

177
Q

Median nerve innervations

A

2 loaf:

Lateral 2 Lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

178
Q

protraction of scapula/ winged scapula. what does long thoracic nerve innervate?

A

ventral rami of C5, C6, and C7

179
Q

median

A

origin: medial and lateral cords

spinal segments: c5 to c7 via lateral cord; c8, t1 via medial cord

motor: all muscles in the anterior compartment of the forearm (except flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus), three thenar muscles of the thumb and two lateral lumbrical muscles
cutaneous: palmer surface of the lateral three and one-half digits and over the lateral side of the palm and middle of the wrist

180
Q

Transverse cervical artery

A

parent: thyrocervical trunk of Subclavian artery

181
Q

musculocutaneous

A

origin:

spinal segments: c5 to c7

motor: all muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm
cutaneous: lateral side of forearm

182
Q

muscles of posterior forearm

A

muscles of posterior forearm

183
Q

Lumbricals (four muscles)

A 
attachments:
-  Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
-  Extensor hoods of digits 2-5
innervation:
-Medial two by the deep ulnar nerve; lateral two by the median nerve

action: Flex MP joints while extending IP joints

184
Q

dermatomes of upper extremities

A

c3: lower neck, above clavicle
c4: clavicle area
c5: upper shoulder, laterally to just below elbow
c6: runs parallel to c5 but runs medially and then extends to thumb area
c7: middle hand and 3 middle finger regions
c8: hand and pinky finger
t1: medial forearm
t2: medial upper arm

185
Q

Spinal level of Suprascapular

A

C5, C6

186
Q

finger extension

A

C7

187
Q

shoulder adduction

A

C6, C7

188
Q

biceps brachi

A

attachments:
-Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: coracoid process
- Tuberosity of radius

innervation:
-Musculocutaneous nerve

Action:
-Flexion and supination of forearm
Accessory flexor of the arm

189
Q

Spinal level of Median

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

190
Q

Gluteal region

A

Gluteal region

191
Q

thoracoacromial artery branches

A

“CAlifornia Police Department”

Clavicular
Acromial
Pectoral
Deltoid

192
Q

median nerve

A
  • from lateral and medial cord
  • C5 - T1
  • supplies pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmares longus, flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus, pronator quadratus, flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, and lumbricals 1 and 2
  • passes through carpel tunnel to get access to hand
  • cutaneous field is the lateral hand
193
Q

superior gemellus

A

attachments:

  • Ischial spine
  • Greater trochanter of the femur

innervation:
- Nerve to obturator internus

action:
-Abduction and lateral rotation of the thigh

194
Q

circumflex scapular

A

parent: subscapular

195
Q

Ulnar artery

A

parent: Brachial artery

196
Q

ulnar

A

origin:

spinal segments: (c7), C8, t1

motor: all intrinsic muscles of the hand (except three thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals); also flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm
cutaneous: palmer surface of the medial one and one-half digits and associated pal and wrist, and dorsal surface of the medial one and one-half digits

197
Q

Opponens pollicis

A

attachments:

  • Carpals
  • 1st metacarpal

innervation:
-Recurrent branch of median nerve

action: Medial rotation and adduction of the thumb

198
Q

Upper Extremity Joints

A

Upper Extremity Joints

199
Q

medial pectoral

A

origin:

spinal segments: c8, t1

motor: pectoralis major, pectoralis minor

200
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

attachments:

  • Supracondylar ridge of humerus
  • Base of 2nd metacarpal

innervation:
-Radial nerve

action: Extension and abduction of hand

201
Q

patient asked to make fist; only 4th and 5th digits are able to flex, which muscles in his forearm still have normal function? which nerve?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris; ulnar nerve is intact

median nerve affected in other fingers

202
Q

Spinal level of Lateral + medial pectoral

A

C5, C6, C7 + C8, T1

203
Q

proper palmar digital arteries

A

parent: common palmar digital arteries

204
Q

biceps femoris (long and short heads)

A

attachments:
- Ischial tuberosity (long head)
Linea aspera (short head)
- Head of fibula

innervation:

  • Tibial division of the sciatic nerve (long head)
  • Common fibular division of the sciatic nerve (short head)

action:
-Flexion of the leg and extension of the thigh

205
Q

piriformis

A

attachments:

  • Anterior sacrum
  • Greater trochanter of the femur

innervation:
- Branches from S1 and S2

action:
-Lateral rotation and abduction of the thigh

206
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

attachments:

  • Medial epicondyle of humerus and ulna
  • Carpals and 5th metacarpal

innervation:
-ulnar nerve

Action:
-flexion and adduction of hand

207
Q

Brachial artery

A

parent: axillary artery

208
Q

suprascapular

A

parent: thyrocervical trunk of Subclavian artery

209
Q

teres major

A

attachments:

  • Inferior angle of the scapula
  • Intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

innervation:
- Lower subscapular nerve

Action:
-Medial rotation and extension of arm

210
Q

subscapularis

A

attachments:

  • Subscapular fossa
  • Lesser tubercle of humerus

innervation:
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Action:
-Medial rotation and adduction of arm

211
Q

fall on outstretched hand’ pain between tendons of the long abductor and extensor muscles of thumb. Which bone is likely broken?

A
  • scaphoid in anatomical sub-box
212
Q

anterior interosseous

A

parent: common interosseous

213
Q

shoulder elevation

A

CN XI

214
Q

Spinal level of Ulnar

A

C8, T1

215
Q

superficial back

A

Superficial back

216
Q

medial cutaneous of forearm

A

origin:

spinal segments: c8, t1

cutaneous: medial side of forearm

Human Architecture (17 decks)

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