Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio Med > Study Guide > Flashcards

Study Guide Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Epidemic

A

The abnormally rapid spread of an infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a
short period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Microbe

A

An organism that is invisible to the naked eye.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large geographical
region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease-causing microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Endemic

A

Prevalent in a given geographical area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Helper T cell

A

A type of immune cell that calls other immune cells to come and fight an infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Retrovirus

A

A virus that incorporates its genome into the host cell’s DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antibiotics

A

Molecules, produced usually by bacteria and fungi, that have the ability to suppress the growth of microbes or
kill them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Antigen

A

A structure which can be recognized by the immune system as foreign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins produced by living organisms that are used to speed up chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

A

Large molecules composed of lipids and polysaccharides, critical in the making of the Gram-negative outer
membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Lipoteichoic (LTS)

A

A polymer of modified lipids used to strengthen the Gram-positive cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Murein

A

A complex molecule (polymer) made of sugars and amino acids, that is the building block of the bacterial cell
wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxins

A

Molecules (usually proteins) produced by bacteria that are toxic to the host’s cells, and a major reason for the
symptoms of an infectious disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capsid

A

Protein shell of a virus surrounding and protecting its genome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process which cells use to absorb molecules from the outside by engulfing and bringing them inside the
cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lysis

A

The process of rupturing or breaking down of a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Viruses

A

Small, non-cellular (lacking a cell), infectious agents that can replicate only within the cells of living organisms

19
Q

Antibodies

A

Proteins produced by the immune system that bind to and eliminate foreign bodies

20
Q

Commensal flora

A

The microbes that normally inhabit our bodies and coexist with us without causing disease

21
Q

Defensins

A

Small peptides, that can poke holes microbial cell membrane causing them to die.

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process of engulfing of solid particles by a phagocyte

23
Q

Sterile

A

Free of any biological agents including microscopic ones such as bacteria, fungi and viruses

24
Q

Gram positive vs gram negative and example of both

A

Positive just has a thick layer of murein that retains purple dye while negative has an extra outer membrane and is harder to detect and kill
Negative- HIV
Positive- Polio

25
Q

Structures of a bacteria cell

A 
Capsule 
Flagellum 
Cell wall (+ or -)
Pili 
Spores
Nucleoid
Plasmid
26
Q

Capsule

A

Camouflages bacteria from the immune system: not targeted

27
Q

Flagellum

A

Allows bacteria to move to things that attract them and away from cellular predators: avoid detection

28
Q

Pili

A

Helps bacteria stick to inhospitable sites: keep one step ahead of immune system

29
Q

Spores

A

Allows bacteria to remain dormant in unsuitable conditions: can be dormant for years

30
Q

Nucleoid

A

Helps bacteria divide with officiency

31
Q

Plasmid

A

Obtain new genes: resistant to antibiotics

32
Q

Naked vs enveloped

A

Naked is just a genome and a capsid. Enveloped is a genome, capsid, and an envelope.

33
Q

Naked (polio)

A

Attachment: need to attach to host before entry-receptors on capsid attach to cells
Entry: inject their genomes into the host cells
Hijack: takes over a host and the cell is now a factor in the virus
Exit: the virus replicate so rapidly that it burst the cell open (lysis)

34
Q

Enveloped (H1N1)

A

Attachment: need to attach to host before entry-receptors on capsid attach to cells
Entry: fuse their own membrane with the membrane of the host
Hijack: takes over a host and the cell is now a factor in the virus
Exit: exits by budding

35
Q

Bacteria vs virus

A

Bacteria has many more parts while viruses have at maximum 3. Viruses are much smaller and harder to kill even though they’re simpler.

36
Q

Disease vs infectious disease

A

Diseases are genetically but infectious is contagious or something you contract from an outside source

37
Q

Structures that help bacteria survive

A

Spores: help the disease remain dormant in bad conditions
Pili: helps cling to cells in inhospitable places (nose)
Plasmid: resistant to antibiotics
Flagellum: helps move away from cellular predators
Capsule: camouflages from immune system

38
Q

Antoinette plague

A

165-180 in Rome
Killed 1/3 of population
2,000 people a day
Entire towns wiped out

39
Q

Sterile body parts

A 
Brain
Bone marrow
Hearts 
Blood
Kidney
Liver
40
Q

Unsterile body parts

A 
Skin
Stomach 
Mouth
Eyes
Nose
Ears
Lungs
 Intestines
41
Q

external barriers

A 
Skin
Tears
Mucus 
Stomach acid
Denfensins
Commensal Bacteria
Intestinal epithelium
42
Q

Functions of internal barriers

A

Complement
Phagocytes
B cells
T cells

43
Q

Black Plague

A

1346 in Central Asia
Population reduced by 100 million
Killed 30-60% of population
Transmitted by rats

Bio Med (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions