Study Guide #2 Flashcards
Causation
When a change in one factor results in the change of another factor
Correlation
A connection between 2 factors
Miasma
The Greek word for pollution or bad air
Pure culture
Bacteria culture composed of only one type, species, of bacteria that usually originates from a single cell
Acid reflux
Mucosal damage of the esophagus caused by the stomach acid flowing into the esophagus from the stomach
Control group
During an experiment, the subjects in a control group are treated identically to the experimental group with the
exception of the tested factor, e.g., a drug, a procedure or another factor.
Endoscopy
procedure used to examine a patient’s digestive tract. It is performed with an endoscope, a flexible tube
equipped with a camera and light to provide pictures of the digestive tract.
Placebo
Medically ineffective treatment such as a sugar pill
What is the correlation between bacteria and ulcers?
A bacteria H. Pylori is identified in almost all patients with ulcers. And bacteria irritates the holes and keeps the ulcers active
Koch’s Posulate:
Association
Isolation
Causation
Re-isolation
Association
it must always be present in every case but not in healthy animals
All cows blood levels infected with anthrax contained large amounts of bacilli
Isolation
it must be isolated from the sick animal into pure culture
Koch separating anthrax from all other bacteria
Causation
the pure microbe must cause the disease in a healthy animal
Koch injecting healthy animals with the anthrax to cause the same symptoms
Re-isolation
when the microbe is re-isolated from the sick animal it must be the same as the original.
filtered the bacteria out of the second set of sick cows, and then isolated the same bacilli again
Why is Typhoid Mary an exception?
Because she did not show symptoms and there wasn’t a way to prove causation as her being patient zero.
