Neurological Disorders #1 Flashcards
Central Nervous System
contains the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System
includes all the nerves out-side the brain and spinal cord.
Meninges
protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
White Matter
portions of the nervous system that appear white in color because they are composed of myelinated axons.
Grey Matter
portions of the nervous system that appear grey in color because they are composed of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons.
Sensation
immediate and basic experience generated as sensory stimuli fall on our sensory systems .
Perception
the higher-order process of integrating, recognizing, and interpreting complex patterns of sensations.
Aphasia
deficit in the ability to use or comprehend language caused by brain damage
Neuron
cells of the nervous system that are specialized for the reception, conduction and trans-mission of electrochemical signals
Dendrites
branched projection(s) of a neuron that functions as the receptive area of a neuron.
Axon
projection of a neuron that functions to conduct electrical impulses away from a neuron’s cell body
Nodes of Ranvier
gaps between adjacent myelin segments on an axon
Demyelination
the loss of myelin insulating neurons
Congenital Analgesia
disease in which patients do not sense pain
Diabetic Neuropathy
disorder in which nerves of the body are damaged due to high blood sugar levels resulting from diabetes
Compare and contrast the Phineas Gage and Patient H.M. case studies
Phineas Gages frontal lobe was affected by the pipe while patient HM had his hippocampus to stop his seizures. Which resulted in him being unable to form new memories.
Be able to label a dissected brain inside and out
Outside Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe
Explain the differences between a PET scan, MRI, and EEG as they relate to the brain
PET- inject patients with radio tracers that accumulate around active tissues. The idea is that the more active, the more radioactivity they will give up, showing on the scan.
MRI- Magnetic resonance imaging uses the natural magnetic properties of the body to produce detailed images.
Where are the five senses located in our brain?
Hearing- Temporal Smell- Temporal Touch- Parietal Taste- Parietal Sight- occipital
What is the difference between perception and sensation and give an example of each?
Perception is the way our brain interprets we sense into usable information for our brain. Senses are the raw things we touch, taste, see, smell, and hear.
Sense is putting your hand in cold water and feeling it is cold. While perception is taking your hand from the cold water and moving it to room temperature water and your brain making the room temperature seem warmer.
What two places does perception happen in the brain and what does each area do?
Frontal cortex- resolves conflicts between different sensory inputs
Insular cortex- resolves discrepancies between what we see and what we touch
Compare and contrast the Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area
Brocas has to do with speech and wernickes has to do with comprehension.
List and explain the three types of aphasia (Broca’s, Wernicke’s, and Conduction)
Brocas- can understand but can’t relay information correctly
Wernicks- can’t understand but can formulate sentences
Conduction- can understand and can speak correctly but doesn’t use the right words
List all the parts of the neuron and what they do
Dendrites- receive inputs from other neurons Cell body- stores the nucleus Initial segment- process inputs Axon- Sends signals electrically Myelin- insulates the axon Synapse- sends signals chemically
