Study Guide #3 Flashcards
What does a microbe need to become pathogenic?
Virulence factors that allow it to bypass immune barriers
What makes a microbe pathogenic?
A microbe that has the ability to cause disease is pathogenic.
Virulence:
The severity of a virus and how much damage it can cause.
Reservoir
A reservoir typically harbors the infectious agent without injury to itself and serves as a source from which other
individuals can be infected
1) Mary and Typhoid Mary
2) Bats and Ebola
Vector
An organism that transmits a pathogen from reservoir to host
1) (accidentally) eating poop from prairie dogs with bubonic plague
2) being bitten by a bat with Ebola
Lyme disease VS Malaria: cycle
Cycle: The malarial disease stays in one host to replicate and reproduces asexually inside while the Lyme disease involves 3 hosts and laying eggs.
Lyme disease vs malaria: prevelance
M-200 million to 300 million new cases annually
L-Top 10 emerging infectious diseases worldwide
Lyme disease vs malaria: symptoms
M-very high fever, chills and, later on, anemia
L-fever, headache, muscle soreness and fatigue
Lyme disease vs malaria: treatments
M-Antimalarial drugs are based on quinine (a molecule isolated from tree bark), which stops the parasite from degrading red blood cells. The major antimalarial drug is chloroquine, a quinine derivative
L- removing ticks within 36 hours, protective clothing, checking pets
Non-sterile barriers
CB D IE M SA S T
Skin, tears, mucus, stomach acid, commensal bacteria, intestinal epithelium, defensins
Sterile barriers
Complements, phagocytes, B and T cells,
What helps microbes become pathogenic
bacterial capsules, attachment pili, toxins, enzymes that damage host tissues, etc
Nasal cavity; best adaptations
Fast replication as the nose is constantly flushing itself or you can blow your nose so the faster it replicates the better chance it has at survival
Pilli as the nose isn’t really a place where pathogens can stick too as well as it is always being flushed so the better it can stick, the better chance it has at survival.
What structures play a role in HIV life cycle
Envelope- fuses to host membrane
Viral RNA- genetic info
surface receptors- binds to host surface
matrix protein- protects RNA
integrase- enzyme that inserts DNA into hosts cell
How does multi drug therapy slow drug resistance in HIV
If you have a cocktail it confuses the virus as it doesn’t really know which one to focus on so it’s basically a trick for the virus.
