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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Study for test 3 > Flashcards

Study for test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Axonic neuron

A

Smallest, not axons and dendrites, and found in sensory organs.

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2
Q

What is a Unipolar Neuron?

A

1 process that the dendrite and axon, found in sensory organs.

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3
Q

What is a Bipolar Neuron?

A

2 process with cell body off to one side, found in sensory organs.

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4
Q

What is a multipolar neuron?

A

Many processes, 1 axon with many dendrites and found in places motor neurons are.

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5
Q

What is a sensory neuron?

A

going towards the CNS and are mostly unipolar. They are found in the parts that are near sensory integration.

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6
Q

What is an interneruon?

A

Are the intermediate of the two, processing information, and are found in the brain.

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7
Q

What is a motor neuron?

A

Going away from the CNS and are mostly multipolar. They are found near where motor neurons are present.

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8
Q

What is the 6 types of neruoglia?

A

Schwann Cells, Satellite Cells, Astrocytes, Oligodendrocytes, Microglia, and Ependyma

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9
Q

What does a Schwann Cell do?

A

Surround axons to create Myalin Sheath

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10
Q

What does a satellite cell do?

A

Surround Cell bodies

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11
Q

What does an Astrocyte do?

A
  • maintain a blood brain barrier, create a 3D framework, repair damaged neural tissue, guide neuron development, and control interstitial environment.
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12
Q

What does an Oligodendrocyte do?

A

Makes a myelin sheath

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13
Q

What does a mircoglia do?

A
  • migrate through neural tissue, perform phagocytosis or removal of bacteria or other debris.
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14
Q

What does an ependyma do?

A

form the ependyma, which produces and circulates cerebral spinal fluid.

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15
Q

What are nerves made of? what is that certain thing made of further?

A

Axons, C.T.

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of C.T. layers?

A

o epineurium, which surrounds the whole nerve.
o perineurium, which surrounds a bundle of axons.
o endoneurium, which surrounds a single axon

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17
Q

What are the parts of the Outer ear?

A

Auricle, External Auditory meatus, and Tympanic Membrane

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18
Q

What does the auricle do?

A

Protects the ear

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19
Q

What does the External auditory meatus do?

A

The canal that lets sound in, can also grow hairs and has the ceruminous gland that makes ear wax

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20
Q

What are the parts of the middle ear?

A

Tympanic membrane, Eustachian tube, Oval window, Tensor tympanic membrane, stapedius msucle, Auditory ossicles.

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21
Q

What’s the function of the eustachian tube?

A

Equalizes the pressure in the ear

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22
Q

What is the function of the oval window?

A

Vibrates from the stapes

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23
Q

What’s the function of the tensor tympanic muscle?

A

When constricted, reduces vibrations

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24
Q

Function of the stapedius muscle?

A

When constricted, reduces vibrations

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25
Q

Function of the auditory ossicles?

A

Vibrate at the same level as the tympanic membrane to carry vibrations along

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26
Q

Parts of the inner ear?

A

Oval window, semicircular canals, vesitbule, cochlea, round window, boney labyrinth, perilymph, vestibular membrane, endolymph, cochlear ducts, basilar membrane, memberous labyrinth, and hair cells.

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27
Q

Function of semicircular canals?

A

Sense acceleration of the head, linear and rotationally

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28
Q

Function of Vestibule?

A

Senses head position and movement

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29
Q

Function of Cochlea

A

transmits sound to the auditory nerve

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30
Q

Function of round window

A

the end of the cochlea, decompresses energy of vibrations

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31
Q

Function of the boney labyrinth?

A

The outer tube of the tubes, holds perilymph

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32
Q

Function of the perilymph

A

Fluid within the cochlea, carries vibrations

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33
Q

Function of the Vestibular membrane?

A

First layer the vibrations travel through after the perilymph

34
Q

Function of the endolymph?

A

Fluid within the vestibular membrane, carries vibrations

35
Q

Function of the cochlear ducts?

A

Stimulated by vibrations

36
Q

Function of the basilar membrane?

A

Base membrane where the organ of Corti sits

37
Q

Function of the memberous labyrinth?

A

The inside of the tube inside the tube

38
Q

Function of the hair cells?

A

when bent, send Action potentials to the nerves

39
Q

What is the vesitbule?

A

It sense the head position and movement

40
Q

Parts of the vestibule? Function?

A

Uticle+saccule, Contain hair cells

41
Q

Semicircular Canals names

A

Posterior, Anterior, Lateral

42
Q

What does the lacrimal Apparatus do?

A

Makes/distributes tears

43
Q

What does the lacrimal gland do?

A

Makes tears

44
Q

What does the lacrimal duct do/where is it

A

Holds and secretes tears, above the eye

45
Q

Where does the lacrimal canaliculi sit? What does it do

A

Empties the eye, tear duct idea

46
Q

Lacrimal Sac loaction?

A

Bulge in nasal passageway

47
Q

Location of nasolacrimal duct

A

End of nasal passageway

48
Q

Nasal cavity?

A

Actual cavity of the nose

49
Q

What does the superior rectus muscle do?

A

Makes eye look up

50
Q

What does the inferior rectus muscle do?

A

Makes eye look down

51
Q

What does the medial rectus muscle do?

A

Makes eye look inward

52
Q

What does the lateral rectus muscle do?

A

Makes eye look outward

53
Q

What does the superior oblique muscle do?

A

Makes the eye look down and out

54
Q

What does the inferior oblique muscle do?

A

Makes eyes look up and out

55
Q

What are the big parts of the eye

A

Fibrous tunic, Vascular Tunic, Nervous Tunic, Anterior Cavity, lens, and posterior cavity.

56
Q

What are the parts of the fibrous tunic?

A

Sclera and Cornea

57
Q

What is the function of the sclera?

A

Support/Protection/attachment site for muscles

58
Q

Function of cornea?

A

Course Focusing

59
Q

Parts of the the vascular tunic?

A

Ciliary body, Ciliary processes, Iris, Pupil

60
Q

Ciliary body function?

A

Intrinsic eye muscle, regulates shape of the lens

61
Q

Ciliary processes

A

Makes aqueous humor

62
Q

Iris

A

Colored part, regulates diameter of pupil.

63
Q

Parts of the Nervous tunic?

A

Retina, Optic Disc, Rods/Cones

64
Q

What is the optic disc also known as?

A

blind spot

65
Q

What do rods and cones do?

A

Rods see black and white, while cones see color. Rods need less light, while cones need more.

66
Q

What is the highest concentration of cones called?

A

The macula lutea

67
Q

What does the anterior cavity consist of?

A

Anterior cavity and posterior cavity

68
Q

What determines post and anterior

A

before or after the iris

69
Q

Visual acuity test measures….

A

sharpness of vison with chart

70
Q

Astigmatism test measures…

A

for a defect in the curvature of cornea/lens with the wheel chart

71
Q

Accommodation test measures…

A

for the change of shape of the lens that occurs when the normal eye is focused doe close vison. Bring something closer to the eye.

72
Q

Color vison test measures for….

A

colorblindness with colored pictures

73
Q

Blind spot determination tests for….

A

Shows where the blind spot is with a piece of paper

74
Q

Photopupilary reflex is looking at

A

the reflex for the iris to constrict with a flashlight

75
Q

Accommodation pupillary reflex is looking at

A

pupil constriction on close objects with a pencil.

76
Q

Convergence reflex test looks at…

A

The eyes convergence on focusing on close object with a pencil

77
Q

Depth perception tests looks at…

A

tests the depth perception of each eye with the arrow tool.

78
Q

Cranial Nerves mnemonic

A
  • On old Olympus’ towering top, a Finn and German viewed some hops.
79
Q

The nerves are then…

A

o Olfactory, Optic, Oculomotor, Trochlear, trigeminal, Abducens, Facial, Auditory, Glossopharyngeal, vagus, Accessory, Hypoglossal.

80
Q

Functions mnemonic ?

A
  • Some say marry money, but my brother says big breasts matter more.
81
Q

The nerve functions are then…

A

o Sensory, Sensory, Motor, Motor, Both, Motor, Both, Sensory, Both, Both, Motor, Motor.

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (9 decks)

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