Study Cards - Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the five process groups
Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing
Project Management is
The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements
Process Groups are not…
Project phases
Project Constraints are…
Limiting factors that set boundaries for the project.
What are the six areas of constraints
Schedule, budget, scope, quality, resources, risk
All constraints have an impact on…
Customer satisfaction
The project manager is…
Assigned by the organization to achieve project objectives by applying the correct tools and techniques.
Three key characteristics of a project manager are…
Knowledge, performance, personal
What are four key characteristics of a project?
- Time-scoped activity
- Has a beginning, middle and end
- Creates a unique product, service or result
- A ‘progressive elaboration’
What are three key characteristics of operations?
- Endures for the lifetime of the product, process or service
- Can be incrementally improved or enhanced
- Enhancements are typically done as a series of small projects
A project is…
A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
Projects are similar to operations in that…
- Both are performed by individuals
- Both are subject to constraints
- Both are planned, executed, and controlled
- Both are designed to meet organizational/strategic objectives
The key differences between projects and operations are…
Timeline
- Projects end at some point
- Operations continue for the product lifetime
Predictability
- Projects may contain unknown and unpredictable elements
- Operational elements are both known and predictable
Risk
- Project continually evaluate risk
- Operations are designed to minimize or eliminate risk
A program is…
A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way.
A portfolio is…
A collection of projects, programs and other work that may not be directly related, but have been grouped to meet strategic business objectives.
A subproject is…
A smaller project of an overall project.
The purpose of the PMO is to…
Centralize the management of projects across the organization.
Typically a PMO provides…
- OPAs for managing projects
- Guidance and training on project management
- Resource pool of project managers
The PMO may also play these roles…
- Audit Projects against PMO standards
- Provide Resources for project
- Cancel Projects
- Provide Templates and forms
- Offer Coaching and training for Project Managers
- Centralize Communication for projects
- Manage Dependencies between projects
- Function as a stakeholder
The project life cycle is…
Frequently Unique. They vary as much as the industries they serve.
The phase-end review achieves…
- Authorization to close the current project or phase
- Authorization to initiate the subsequent project or phase
The three fundamental phase-to-phase relationships are…
Sequential, Overlapping, Iterative
Sequential relationships are…
The typical finish-to-start relationship.
Overlapping relationships can…
Increase risk and rework, but allow for schedule compression.
Iterative relationships can…
Allow for progressive elaboration while sequentially delivering the highest priority features. (Agile)
The Project Management life cycle is…
Unchanging. They always consist of the five process groups (IPECC).
The five project management process groups will always be…
Executed within each phase of your project.
Lessons Learned is…
A process that is applied at the completion of every phase of a project.
The product life-cycle…
Endures for the life of the product
A product is…
What is created as a result of executing a project.
A stakeholder is…
- Anyone who is positively or negatively impacted by the project
- Anyone who can exert influence over the project
The project manager should do this for stakeholders…
- Identify them all to ensure that they are engaged
- Balance their needs while delivering the project’s product.
The three fundamental organizational structures are…
- Functional
- Matrix (weak, balanced, strong)
- Projectized
A composite organization…
Uses a combination of organizational structures (functional, matrixed, projectized)
Some advantages and disadvantages of a functional organization include…
- Expertise with clearly defined career paths
- Project manager has little authority on the project
A tight matrix means…
Project resources are co-located in the same room.
Some advantages and disadvantages of a matrixed organization include…
- Increased control by project manager
- Multiple bosses adds complexity
Some advantages and disadvantages of a projectized organization include…
- Project loyalty
- Job is gone once the project is complete
For the purpose of the exam you are…
A project manager in a strong matrix environment with control over the project budget.
MBO is…
- Management by Objectives
- A term that was introduced by Peter Drucker
- Will only work if it is supported by management
OPM3 is…
- Organizational Project Management Maturity Model
- Based on CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration)
- Helps organizations determine their level of PM maturity
Progressive Elaboration is…
- Key to the entire PMI framework
- More important for project success when unknowns are greater
- States that you cannot definitively estimate timeline and budget at the start of a project
The triple constraint model addresses…
It may also be influenced by…
- Time, cost and scope
- Quality and risk
Who can authorize changes to the triple constraints of a project?
Senior management.
