Study 3

Question 1

Operant conditioning

Answer 1

A form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and maintained by its consequences. Possible consequences of behaviour include positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement and punishment.

Question 2

Positive reinforcement

Answer 2

A pleasant consequence to a behaviour that increases the likelihood of repeating that behaviour

Question 3

Negative reinforcement

Answer 3

Any behaviour that leads to an escape from an unpleasant situation will increase the likelihood of repeating that behaviour.

Question 4

Punishment

Answer 4

A negative consequence to a behaviour that decreases the likelihood of repeating that behaviour.

Question 5

Social learning theory

Answer 5

Behaviour is learned through observation and imitation of role models within a social context.

Question 6

Identification

Answer 6

When a model is high status, likeable, attractive and similar to a person (e.g. age and gender) the model is more likely to be imitated.

Question 7

Modelling

Answer 7

Demonstrating the behaviour to be copied

Question 8

Mediational processes

Answer 8

Cognitive factors (thoughts) that come between stimulus and response and determine the likelihood that observed behaviours will be repeated. These include attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation.

Question 9

Attention

Answer 9

Focusing on abehaviour - watching it closely. Focusing on a behaviour - watching it closely

Question 10

Retention

Answer 10

Coding the behaviour seen into the observers memory, e.g. is it easy to remember?

Question 11

Moter reproduction

Answer 11

The belief that the behaviour observed can be imitated

Question 12

Motivation

Answer 12

Believing the benefits of performing a behaviour outweigh any costs.