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Psychology > Memory > Flashcards

Memory Flashcards

1
Q

Capacity

Capacity, Duration and Coding

A

The amount of data a store can hold

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2
Q

Serial recall

Capacity, Duration and Coding

A

A method of testing memory by asking participants to ask them to repeat information in order (usually a list of numbers)

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3
Q

Duration

Capacity, Duration and Coding

A

The length of time a store can hold data

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4
Q

Coding

Capacity, Duration and Coding

A

The way in which information is changed in order to be stored in memory

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5
Q

Sensory memory

Multistore Model of Memory

A

The first store in the MSM. Picks up information from the senses for a very limited time

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6
Q

Short term memory

Multistore Model of Memory

A

A temporary memory store which holds information that has had attention paid to it for roughly 18-30 seconds

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7
Q

Long term memory

Multistore Model of Memory

A

A permanent and virtually unlimited memory store from the MSM

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8
Q

Maintenance rehearsal

Multistore Model of Memory

A

Repeating information over and over again to transfer from STM to LTM

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9
Q

Decay

Multistore Model of Memory

A

When a memory disappears over time

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10
Q

Displacement

Multistore Model of Memory

A

When a memory store runs out of capacity and information is ‘pushed out’ by other information

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11
Q

Retrieval

Multistore Model of Memory

A

When information is recalled from LTM back to STM

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12
Q

Central executive

Working Memory Model

A

The master store of the WMM, responsible for directing information to the appropriate slave system

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13
Q

Phonological loop

Working Memory Model

A

A slave system of the WMM used for processing sounds and auditory information

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14
Q

Visuospatial sketchpad

Working Memory Model

A

A slave system of the WMM used for processing visual and spatial informatio

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15
Q

Episodic buffer

Working Memory Model

A

The most recently added slave system of the WMM, responsible for integrating information to make sense for the LTM

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16
Q

Semantic memory

Types of LTM

A

Memories of the meaning of things

17
Q

Episodic memories

Types of LTM

A

Memories of events

18
Q

Procedural memories

Types of LTM

A

Memories of skills and processes

19
Q

Explicit/Declarative memories

Types of LTM

A

Memories that you have to consciously think about, including episodic and semantic

20
Q

Implicit/Non-declarative memories

Types of LTM

A

Memories that are unconscious, and do not need to be explicitly thought about, including procedural

21
Q

Interference

Explanations for forgetting

A

An explanation for forgetting that claims information is lost due to confusion with other, similar information

22
Q

Proactive interference

Explanations for forgetting

A

When old information affects our ability to learn new information

23
Q

Retroactive interference

Explanations for forgetting

A

When new information affects our ability to remember old information

24
Q

Retrieval Failure

Explanations for forgetting

A

When information is unable to be transferred from LTM to STM due to a lack of cues

25
Q

Context dependant forgetting

Explanations for forgetting

A

An explanation of why trying to recall something in a different situation to when you learnt it is difficult

26
Q

State dependent forgetting

Explanations for forgetting

A

An explanation of why trying to recall something in a different mental state or emotion to when you learnt it is difficult

27
Q

Misleading questions

Eyewitness Testimony

A

Incorrect information/ideas presented to a witness, usually after the event. Examples include leading questions and post-event discussion

28
Q

Leading question

Eyewitness Testimony

A

A question which implies or favours a particular answer - e.g. ‘Was he wearing a brown jacket?’

29
Q

Post event discussion

Eyewitness Testimony

A

The idea that your memory of an event can be affected by talking to people about it after the event, perhaps due to memory conformity

30
Q

Anxiety

Eyewitness Testimony

A

A factor affecting EWT - the stress a witness felt during the event

31
Q

Weapon focus

Eyewitness Testimony

A

The theory that people tend to focus on threatening objects rather than faces

32
Q

Report everything

Eyewitness Testimony

A

Asking the witness to recall every aspect of an event, even if it seems irrelevant

33
Q

Cognitive interview

Eyewitness Testimony

A

A technique for improving eye witness testimony

34
Q

Change perspective

Eyewitness Testimony

A

A cognitive interview technique where the witness is asked to recall the events from another witness’ point of view

35
Q

Change order

Eyewitness Testimony

A

A cognitive interview technique where the witness is asked to recall events in a non-chronological order to disrupt schema

36
Q

Context reinstatement

Eyewitness Testimony

A

When the witness is asked to put themselves back in the same mental state they were in during an event

Psychology (8 decks)

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