Memory

Question 1

Capacity

Capacity, Duration and Coding

Answer 1

The amount of data a store can hold

Question 2

Serial recall

Capacity, Duration and Coding

Answer 2

A method of testing memory by asking participants to ask them to repeat information in order (usually a list of numbers)

Question 3

Duration

Capacity, Duration and Coding

Answer 3

The length of time a store can hold data

Question 4

Coding

Capacity, Duration and Coding

Answer 4

The way in which information is changed in order to be stored in memory

Question 5

Sensory memory

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 5

The first store in the MSM. Picks up information from the senses for a very limited time

Question 6

Short term memory

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 6

A temporary memory store which holds information that has had attention paid to it for roughly 18-30 seconds

Question 7

Long term memory

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 7

A permanent and virtually unlimited memory store from the MSM

Question 8

Maintenance rehearsal

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 8

Repeating information over and over again to transfer from STM to LTM

Question 9

Decay

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 9

When a memory disappears over time

Question 10

Displacement

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 10

When a memory store runs out of capacity and information is ‘pushed out’ by other information

Question 11

Retrieval

Multistore Model of Memory

Answer 11

When information is recalled from LTM back to STM

Question 12

Central executive

Working Memory Model

Answer 12

The master store of the WMM, responsible for directing information to the appropriate slave system

Question 13

Phonological loop

Working Memory Model

Answer 13

A slave system of the WMM used for processing sounds and auditory information

Question 14

Visuospatial sketchpad

Working Memory Model

Answer 14

A slave system of the WMM used for processing visual and spatial informatio

Question 15

Episodic buffer

Working Memory Model

Answer 15

The most recently added slave system of the WMM, responsible for integrating information to make sense for the LTM

Question 16

Semantic memory

Types of LTM

Answer 16

Memories of the meaning of things

Question 17

Episodic memories

Types of LTM

Answer 17

Memories of events

Question 18

Procedural memories

Types of LTM

Answer 18

Memories of skills and processes

Question 19

Explicit/Declarative memories

Types of LTM

Answer 19

Memories that you have to consciously think about, including episodic and semantic

Question 20

Implicit/Non-declarative memories

Types of LTM

Answer 20

Memories that are unconscious, and do not need to be explicitly thought about, including procedural

Question 21

Interference

Explanations for forgetting

Answer 21

An explanation for forgetting that claims information is lost due to confusion with other, similar information

Question 22

Proactive interference

Explanations for forgetting

Answer 22

When old information affects our ability to learn new information

Question 23

Retroactive interference

Explanations for forgetting

Answer 23

When new information affects our ability to remember old information

Question 24

Retrieval Failure

Explanations for forgetting

Answer 24

When information is unable to be transferred from LTM to STM due to a lack of cues

Question 25

Context dependant forgetting Explanations for forgetting

Answer 25

An explanation of why trying to recall something in a different situation to when you learnt it is difficult

Question 26

State dependent forgetting Explanations for forgetting

Answer 26

An explanation of why trying to recall something in a different mental state or emotion to when you learnt it is difficult

Question 27

Misleading questions Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 27

Incorrect information/ideas presented to a witness, usually after the event. Examples include leading questions and post-event discussion

Question 28

Leading question Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 28

A question which implies or favours a particular answer - e.g. 'Was he wearing a brown jacket?'

Question 29

Post event discussion Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 29

The idea that your memory of an event can be affected by talking to people about it after the event, perhaps due to memory conformity

Question 30

Anxiety Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 30

A factor affecting EWT - the stress a witness felt during the event

Question 31

Weapon focus Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 31

The theory that people tend to focus on threatening objects rather than faces

Question 32

Report everything Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 32

Asking the witness to recall every aspect of an event, even if it seems irrelevant

Question 33

Cognitive interview Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 33

A technique for improving eye witness testimony

Question 34

Change perspective Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 34

A cognitive interview technique where the witness is asked to recall the events from another witness' point of view

Question 35

Change order Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 35

A cognitive interview technique where the witness is asked to recall events in a non-chronological order to disrupt schema

Question 36

Context reinstatement Eyewitness Testimony

Answer 36

When the witness is asked to put themselves back in the same mental state they were in during an event