Study 1 - Homework

Question 1

Behavioural approach

Answer 1

Believes that all behaviour is learnt and that we are born as a blank slate. Only concerned with observable behaviour that can be measured (not internal processes). Controlled lab studies used to remove bias and maintain objectivity. Animals used as experimental subjects because processes governing learning are the same in all species.

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

This is a behaviourist theory which says that humans and animals learn new behaviours by the process of association.

Question 3

Association

Answer 3

When two stimuli are paired together at the same time, they become linked

Question 4

Stimulus

Answer 4

Something in the environment that may or may not result in a response

Question 5

Response

Answer 5

A reaction to stimuli

Question 6

Generalisation

Answer 6

When a similar stimulus to the learnt stimulus elicits the same response (e.g. bitten by an Alsatian now afraid of all dogs).

Question 7

Extinction

Answer 7

When a conditioned pairing decays over time. Conditioned stimuli aren’t permanent unless they are occasionally paired with the UCS.

Question 8

Neautral stimulus (NS)

Answer 8

Something in the environment that elicits no innate response, e.g. ring of a bell

Question 9

Unconditioned stimulus
(UCS)

Answer 9

Something in the environment that elicits a response that does not need to be learnt, e.g. food

Question 10

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Answer 10

An innate reaction to an unconditioned stimulus, e.g. salivation when encountering food

Question 11

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 11

Something in the environment that elicits a response that needs to be learnt

Question 12

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 12

A reaction to a conditioned stimulus