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SMURFIT > student presentations > Flashcards

student presentations Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac causes of afib?

A
  • HTN
  • MI
  • Mitral valve disease
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Endocarditis
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2
Q

Respiratory causes of afib?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Cancer
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3
Q

Non-cardiac/resp causes of afib?

A
  • Hyperthyroid
  • Alcohol
  • Infection
  • Toxins-steroids, cocaine
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4
Q

who gets breast cancer at an earlier age, those with BRCA 1 or 2?

A

BRCA 1

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5
Q

Benefits of immediate breast reconstruction?

A
  • one surgery

- maintain landmarks

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6
Q

Benefits of delayed breast reconstruction?

A
  • assurance of clear margins

- completion of adjuvant therapy

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7
Q

what are the types of autologous breast reconstruction?

A
  • free flap

- pedicle

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8
Q

what is the free flap breast reconstruction consist of?

A

skin/fat and deep inferior epigastric arteries moved to breast and connceted to internal mammary

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9
Q

what is the pedicle flap procedure?

A

lattismus dorsi connected to thoracodorsal artery

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10
Q

where is a central venous catheter inserted?

A

through a large vein (internal jugular, subclavian, right atrium)

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11
Q

placement related central venous catheter complications?

A
  • pneumothorax
  • venous air embolism
  • arterial injury
  • arythmia
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12
Q

catheter related central venous catheter complications?

A
  • infection
  • central venous obstruction
  • venous thrombosis
  • catheter malfunction - kinking
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13
Q

which type of breast lump fluctuates with hormonal changes

A

fibroadenomas

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14
Q

what are fibroadenomas made of?

A

stromal and epithelial tissue

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15
Q

which gets larger, fibroadenomas or phyllodes tumor?

A

phylodes

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16
Q

investigations for compartment syndrome?

A

usually clinical but compartment pressure > 40 mmHg

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17
Q

complications of compartment syndrome?

A

necrosis, nerve injury, myoglobinuria, renal injury, amputation

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18
Q

what are the compartments of the lower leg?

A
  • anterior compartment
  • superficial posterior
  • deep posterior
  • lateral
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19
Q

treatment of compartment syndrome?

A

surgical fasciotomy

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20
Q

intraoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy?

A

Hemorhage
CN X, XII injury
Anesthetic risks

21
Q

Early post op complications of carotid endartercomy?

A
  • Pain
  • Wound hemotoma
  • Seroma
  • Infection
  • Stroke
  • MI
22
Q

Late post op complication of carotid endarterectomy?

A
  • blood clots
  • scarring
  • reccurrent stenosis
23
Q

inheritance of familial hypocalciuric hypocalcemia?

A

autosomal dominant

24
Q

path of familial hypocalciuric hypocalcemia?

A

inactivating mutation of calcium sensing receptor gene causing inappropriate secretion of PTH

25
Q

treatment of familial hypocalciuric hypocalcemia?

A

treat with cinacalcet - sensitizes receptor to calcium -> lowers PTH

26
Q

what cells drive gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST)?

A

interstitial cells of cajal

27
Q

most common site of a GIST

A

stomach, then small intestine, then colon

28
Q

are there genes associated with GIST?

A

yes - KIT, PDGFRA

29
Q

Imaging Ix for a GIST?

A

Endoscopy + biopsy, CT abdomen

30
Q

management of GIST?

A

small <2 cm - endoscopic removal
large > 2 cm - surgical excision +- neoadjuvant imatinib

-tyrosine kinase inhibitors prevent regrowth

31
Q

tender hepatomegaly causes?

A
  • acute hepatitis

- impaired venous outflow

32
Q

non-tender hepatomegaly causes?

A
  • PBC, PBS
  • non alcohol related fatty liver disease
  • glycogen storage disorders
  • a1at deficiency
  • hemochromatosis
  • tumours
33
Q

what is fecal calprotectin?

A

-neutrophil granulocyte cystosol protein

marker or neutrophil activity/inflammation

34
Q

what investigation tests for fecal calprotectin?

A

-ELISA on stool

35
Q

what is the use of fecal calprotectin?

A

to screen for IBD

36
Q

will fecal calprotectin be positive with IBS?

A

no - just IBD

37
Q

primary amputation

A

no limb salvage attempted

38
Q

secondary amputation

A

amputation following failed revascularization

39
Q

traumatic amputation

A

limb loss in field at time of injury

40
Q

complications following amputation?

A
  • DVT
  • stump hematoma
  • stump neuroma
  • infection, need for reamputation
  • phantom limb pain
  • contractures
41
Q

which is therapeutic- MRCP or ERCP?

A

ERCP

42
Q

complications of ERCP?

A

acute pancreatitis, perforation

43
Q

eliquis AKA

A

apixaban

44
Q

reversal agent for apixaban

A

andexanet alpha

45
Q

dabigatran MOA

A

direct thrombin inhibitor

46
Q

can you use noacs in pateints with metallic valves?

A

no

47
Q

causes of ileus?

A
  • abdominal or pelvic surgery
  • infection or inflammation
  • electrolyte imbalance
  • vascular or neural impairment
  • medication
48
Q

management of ileus?

A
  • bowel rest (NPO)
  • mobilisation
  • NG tube insertion
  • TPN

SMURFIT (24 decks)

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